本期科学，自然和细胞封面文章

　　

生物通报道：《Nature》，《Science》和《Cell》可以说是生命科学研究领域的顶级杂志，这三本杂志出版的文章及相关内容可以说从一个侧面反应了目前生命科学研究的最新动态，1月下半期《Cell》，2月的第一期《Science》《Nature》的封面故事分别是：

1月25日《Cell》封面：

（《Cell》封面：裂殖酵母微管阵列）

来自美国宾夕法尼亚大学细胞与发育生物学，德国欧洲分子生物学实验室（European Molecular Biology Laboratory，EMBL）的研究人员在裂殖酵母中发现了双极微管阵列（bipolar microtubule array），这帮助科学家们了解了动力蛋白与微管交联在活细胞中是如何调控组装成复杂的微管网络的。

微管是由13条原纤维（protofilament）构成的中空管状结构，直径22—25nm，这种结构是由微管蛋白组成，对低温、高压和秋水仙素敏感。微管在胞质中可以形成网络结构，作为运输路轨并起支撑作用，其形成结构的有些是比较稳定的，如神经细胞轴突、纤毛和鞭毛中的微管纤维；大多数微管纤维处于动态的组装和去组装状态，这是实现其功能所必需的过程（如纺锤体）。

在组装成网络系统的过程中，一些像是有丝分裂纺锤体的短微管需要分子马达（molecular motors），与微管重叠，捆绑住那些与微管静态结合的蛋白，但是这些捆绑安本与微管之间的相互作用至今并不清楚。

在这篇文章中，研究人员在裂殖酵母双极微管束中发现bundler ase1p在反向水平微管的整个长段上都有，但是motor klp2p (kinesin-14)只在微管（+）极(plus end)积累，因此研究人员人员滑动力只能克服来自短小，新形成的微管的抵抗约束力，而ase1p可以调控这种力量。同时电脑模拟也说明这些机制机理足以产生稳定的极性捆束。因此研究人员认为通过复合动力蛋白和捆绑蛋白，细胞能组织细胞骨架显微交叠之间形成稳定区域。

2月2日《Science》封面：

（《Science》封面：一个蛋白生长因子（绿色）随着血液经过细胞质膜上的一组受体）

2007年7月6日在布莱恩特大学（Bryant University）将举办科学可视化与教育戈登研讨会（Gordon Research Conference on Visualization in Science and Education）。

戈登研讨会由美国John Hopkins University的Neil E．Gordon博士在19世纪20年代后期发起的，每年在世界范围内组织180多次学术会议。主要致力于生物学、化学和物理学等前沿领域的基础研究以及相关学科研讨的会议组织，主要任务是组织科学家围绕学科发展、前沿科学问题和基础研究进行研讨。

2007年戈登研讨会的时间表如下：

Conference Name	Dates	Conference Site
Adverse Drug Reactions	Jun 10-15	Colby College
Aging, Biology Of	Sep 23-28	Les Diablerets Confe...
Agricultural Science	Mar 11-16	Four Points Sheraton...
Amygdala In Health & Disease	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Bates College
Angiogenesis & Microcirculation	Aug 19-24	Salve Regina University
Antigen Cross-Presentation	Sep 2-7	Big Sky Resort
Antimicrobial Peptides	Apr 29 - May 4	Il Ciocco
Apoptotic Cell Recognition & Clearance	Jun 17-22	Bates College
Applied & Environmental Microbiology	Jul 15-20	Mount Holyoke College
Archaea: Ecology, Metabolism & Molecular Biology	Aug 19-24	Proctor Academy

Assisted Circulation	Aug 19-24	Big Sky Resort
Atherosclerosis	Jun 17-22	Il Ciocco
Atmospheric Chemistry	Aug 26-31	Big Sky Resort
Atomic Physics	Jul 1-6	Tilton School
Barrier Function Of Mammalian Skin	Aug 5-10	Salve Regina University
Biogenic Hydrocarbons & The Atmosphere	Feb 25 - Mar 2	Crowne Plaza
Bioinformatics	Jul 15-20	Proctor Academy
Biological Molecules In The Gas Phase	Jul 22-27	Bates College
Biomaterials: Biocompatibility / Tissue Engineering	Jul 22-27	Holderness School
Bioorganic Chemistry	Jun 10-15	Proctor Academy
Bones & Teeth	Jul 15-20	University of New England
CAG Triplet Repeat Disorders	May 13-18	Centre Paul Langevin
Calcium Signalling	Jul 8-13	Tilton School
Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics	May 20-25	Il Ciocco
Cancer Models & Mechanisms	Aug 26-31	Les Diablerets Confe...
Cannabinoid Function In The CNS	Sep 30 - Oct 5	Les Diablerets Confe...
Carbohydrates	Jun 17-22	Tilton School
Cardiac Arrhythmia Mechanisms	Mar 18-23	Ventura Beach Marriott
Carotenoids	Jan 7-12	Ventura Beach Marriott
Cartilage Biology & Pathology	Mar 4-9	Ventura Beach Marriott
Catchment Science: Interactions Of Hydrology, Biology & Geochemistry	Jul 8-13	Colby-Sawyer College
Catecholamines	Aug 5-10	Magdalen College
Cell Biology Of Megakaryocytes & Platelets	Mar 4-9	Crowne Plaza
Cell Biology Of Metals	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Salve Regina University
Cell Contact & Adhesion	May 27 - Jun 1	Il Ciocco
Cell Growth & Proliferation	Jun 24-29	University of New England
Cell-Cell Fusion	Jul 1-6	Colby-Sawyer College
Cellular Osmoregulation: Sensors, Transducers & Regulators	Jun 3-8	Centre Paul Langevin
Cellulases & Cellulosomes	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Proctor Academy
Ceramics, Solid State Studies In	Aug 5-10	Proctor Academy
Chemical & Biological Terrorism Defense	Jan 14-19	Four Points Sheraton...
Chemical Oceanography	Aug 5-10	Tilton School
Chemical Reactions At Surfaces	Feb 11-16	Crowne Plaza
Chemical Sensors & Interfacial Design	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Salve Regina University
Chemistry Education Research & Practice	Jun 24-29	Bates College
Chromosome Dynamics	Aug 12-17	University of New England
Chronobiology	May 6-11	Centre Paul Langevin
Cilia, Mucus & Mucociliary Interactions	Feb 4-9	Ventura Beach Marriott
Clusters, Nanocrystals & Nanostructures	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Mount Holyoke College
Coastal Ocean Modeling	Jun 17-22	Colby-Sawyer College
Collagen	Jul 22-27	Colby-Sawyer College
Combinatorial Chemistry	Jun 3-8	Colby-Sawyer College
Computer Aided Drug Design	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Tilton School
Condensed Matter Physics	Aug 19-24	Les Diablerets Confe...
Dendrites: Molecules, Structure & Function	Mar 18-23	Four Points Sheraton...
Detecting Illicit Substances: Explosives & Drugs	Sep 16-21	Big Sky Resort
Developmental Biology	Jun 24-29	Proctor Academy
Drug Metabolism	Jul 8-13	Holderness School
Dynamics at Surfaces	Aug 12-17	Proctor Academy
Elastin & Elastic Fibers	Jul 29 - Aug 3	University of New England
Elastomers, Networks & Gels	Jul 15-20	Colby-Sawyer College
Electrochemistry	Jan 14-19	Crowne Plaza
Electron Distribution & Chemical Bonding	Jul 1-6	Mount Holyoke College
Electronic Materials, Chemistry Of	Jul 22-27	Mount Holyoke College
Enzymes, Coenzymes & Metabolic Pathways	Jul 8-13	University of New England
Epigenetics	Aug 5-10	Holderness School
Epithelial Differentiation & Keratinization	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Bryant University
Evolutionary & Ecological Functional Genomics	Jul 8-13	Salve Regina University
Excitatory Synapses & Brain Function	Jun 10-15	Colby-Sawyer College
Fertilization & Activation Of Development	Jul 15-20	Holderness School
Fibronectin, Integrins & Related Molecules	Apr 22-27	Il Ciocco
Floral & Vegetative Volatiles	Oct 7-12	Les Diablerets Confe...
Fuel Cells	Jul 22-27	Bryant University
Gaseous Ions: Structures, Energetics & Reactions	Feb 25 - Mar 2	Ventura Beach Marriott
Genetic Toxicology	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Magdalen College
Glial Biology: Functional Interactions Among Glia & Neurons	Mar 11-16	Crowne Plaza
Glycobiology	Mar 4-9	Four Points Sheraton...
Gradient Sensing & Directed Cell Migration	Jan 28 - Feb 2	Crowne Plaza
Graduate Research Seminar: Bioinorganic Chemistry	Feb 1-4	Four Points Sheraton...
Graduate Research Seminar: Catecholamines	Aug 3-5	Magdalen College
Graduate Research Seminar: Dendrites	Mar 16-18	Four Points Sheraton...
Graduate Research Seminar: Organometallic Chemistry	Jul 6-8	Salve Regina University
Graduate Research Seminar: Plant Metabolic Engineering	Jul 13-15	Tilton School
Graduate Research Seminar: Polyamines	Jun 15-17	Waterville Valley Resort
Graduate Research Seminar: Polymer Colloids	Jun 22-24	Proctor Academy
Graduate Research Seminar: Polymers (West)	Jan 5-7	Four Points Sheraton...
Heterocyclic Compounds	Jun 24-29	Salve Regina University
High Temperature Corrosion	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Colby-Sawyer College
Hormone Action In Development & Cancer	Jul 15-20	Colby-Sawyer College
Human Genetics & Genomics	Jul 22-27	Salve Regina University
Hydrocarbon Resources	Jan 7-12	Crowne Plaza
Hydrogen-Metal Systems	Jul 8-13	Colby College
Immunochemistry & Immunobiology	Mar 25-30	Ventura Beach Marriott
Inhibition In The CNS	Jul 22-27	Colby College
Inorganic Chemistry	Jul 15-20	Salve Regina University
Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms	Feb 18-23	Four Points Sheraton...
Insulin-Like Growth Factors In Physiology & Disease	Mar 18-23	Crowne Plaza
Interior Of The Earth	Jun 10-15	Mount Holyoke College
Laser Diagnostics In Combustion	Aug 12-17	Magdalen College
Lipids, Molecular & Cellular Biology Of	Jul 22-27	Waterville Valley Resort
Liquid Crystals	Jun 10-15	Colby-Sawyer College
Liquids, Chemistry & Physics Of	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Holderness School
Magnetic Resonance	Jun 17-22	University of New England
Malaria	Sep 9-14	Magdalen College
Mammalian DNA Repair	Feb 4-9	Four Points Sheraton...
Mammary Gland Biology	Jun 10-15	Salve Regina University
Matrix Isolated Species, Physics & Chemistry Of	Jul 15-20	Bates College
Matrix Metalloproteinases	Jun 3-8	Il Ciocco
Mechanisms Of Cell Signalling	Sep 16-21	Magdalen College
Mechanisms Of Membrane Transport	Jun 10-15	Tilton School
Mechanosensory Transduction	Jul 22-27	University of New England
Medicinal Chemistry	Aug 5-10	Colby-Sawyer College
Metals In Biology	Jan 28 - Feb 2	Four Points Sheraton...
Microbial Adhesion & Signal Transduction	Jul 22-27	Salve Regina University
Microbial Population Biology	Jul 22-27	Proctor Academy
Microfluidics, Physics & Chemistry Of	Jul 15-20	Waterville Valley Resort
Molecular & Cellular Bioenergetics	Jun 17-22	Proctor Academy
Molecular Membrane Biology	Jul 8-13	Proctor Academy
Molecular Pharmacology	Jan 28 - Feb 2	Ventura Beach Marriott
Molecular Therapeutics Of Cancer	Jul 22-27	Colby-Sawyer College
Molybdenum & Tungsten Enzymes	Jul 1-6	Colby-Sawyer College
Motile & Contractile Systems	Jul 8-13	Colby-Sawyer College
Mycotoxins & Phycotoxins	Jun 17-22	Colby College
Myogenesis	May 13-18	Il Ciocco
Natural Products	Jul 22-27	Tilton School
Neural Circuits & Plasticity	Jul 1-6	Salve Regina University
Neurotrophic Factors	Jun 17-22	Salve Regina University
New Frontiers In Cancer Detection & Diagnosis	Jan 21-26	Crowne Plaza
Nitric Oxide	Feb 4-9	Crowne Plaza
Nonlinear Science	Jun 24-29	Colby College
Nuclear Chemistry	Jun 3-8	Colby-Sawyer College
Nuclear Physics	Jul 15-20	Salve Regina University
Nucleic Acids	Jun 3-8	Salve Regina University
Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Oligonucleotides	Jul 1-6	Salve Regina University
Oculomotor System Biology	Jul 8-13	Bates College
Organic Reactions & Processes	Jul 15-20	Bryant University
Organic Thin Films	May 27 - Jun 1	Centre Paul Langevin
Organometallic Chemistry	Jul 8-13	Salve Regina University
Origins Of Solar Systems	Jul 8-13	Mount Holyoke College
Oxidative Stress And Disease	Mar 11-16	Ventura Beach Marriott
Phagocytes	Jun 10-15	Bryant University
Phosphorylation & G-Protein Mediated Signaling Networks	Jun 10-15	University of New England
Photochemistry	Jul 8-13	Bryant University
Physical Organic Chemistry	Jun 24-29	Holderness School
Plant Herbivore Interaction	Feb 18-23	Crowne Plaza
Plant Metabolic Engineering	Jul 15-20	Tilton School
Polar Marine Science	Mar 25-30	Four Points Sheraton...
Polyamines	Jun 17-22	Waterville Valley Resort
Polymer Colloids	Jun 24-29	Tilton School
Polymers (East)	Jun 17-22	Mount Holyoke College
Polymers (West)	Jan 7-12	Four Points Sheraton...
Protein Transport Across Cell Membranes	Jun 10-15	Il Ciocco
Proteins	Jun 17-22	Holderness School
Quantitative Genetics And Genomics	Feb 18-23	Ventura Beach Marriott
Quantum Control Of Light And Matter	Aug 12-17	Salve Regina University
Quantum Information Science	Apr 15-20	Il Ciocco
Radiation & Climate	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Colby-Sawyer College
Radicals & Radical Ions In Chemistry & Biology	Jul 1-6	Holderness School
Red Cells	May 20-25	Centre Paul Langevin
Renewable Energy: Solar Fuels	Jan 21-26	Ventura Beach Marriott
RNA Editing	Jan 14-19	Ventura Beach Marriott
Salivary Glands & Exocrine Secretion	Feb 11-16	Ventura Beach Marriott
Signal Transduction Within The Nucleus	Mar 25-30	Crowne Plaza
Small Integrin-Binding Proteins	Aug 5-10	University of New England
Solid State Chemistry II	Sep 2-7	Magdalen College
Staphylococcal Diseases	Sep 2-7	Les Diablerets Confe...
Stem Cells & Cancer	Sep 9-14	Big Sky Resort
Stress Proteins In Growth, Development & Disease	Aug 19-24	Magdalen College
Structural, Functional & Evolutionary Genomics	Jul 29 - Aug 3	Wellcome Trust Confe...
Superconductivity	Sep 9-14	Les Diablerets Confe...
Supramolecules & Assemblies, Chemistry Of	May 6-11	Il Ciocco
Temperature Stress In Plants	Jan 21-26	Four Points Sheraton...
Thin Film & Crystal Growth Mechanisms	Jun 24-29	Mount Holyoke College
Three Dimensional Electron Microscopy	Jun 24-29	Colby-Sawyer College
Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory	Jul 15-20	Colby College
Tissue Repair & Regeneration	Jun 17-22	Colby-Sawyer College
Toxicogenomics	Jun 24-29	Colby-Sawyer College
Tuberculosis Drug Development	Aug 26-31	Magdalen College
Vascular Cell Biology	Feb 11-16	Four Points Sheraton...
Viruses & Cells	Jun 3-8	Tilton School
Visualization In Science & Education	Jul 1-6	Bryant University
Vitamin B12 & Corphins	Jul 1-6	University of New England
X-Ray Physics	Aug 5-10	Colby-Sawyer College

　2月1日《Nature》封面：

封面故事：美国飞天新计划：重返月球+造访火星

本期封面照片是“阿波罗-11”任务期间尼尔•阿姆斯特朗拍摄的，照片所示为Buzz Aldrin带着EASEP科研仪器前往该仪器的部署地点。三年前，在题为“The Vision for Space Exploration”的文件中，美国国家航空天局（NASA）介绍了关于太阳系探测活动的一个新框架，新的探测活动将像30多年前“阿波罗”时代那样再次令人振奋。新框架的执行情况如何?在该新框架中，优先执行的计划包括重返月球计划以及为首次人类飞向火星做准备等。在本期Nature上（第474页），Geoff Brumfiel报告了该项目前三年的进展情况。封面图片：NASA AS11-40-5942

（生物通：万纹）