解廷最新《Science》解析干细胞成果

　　

生物通报道：在本期（11月7日）《Science》杂志上，来自美国密苏里州斯托瓦斯医学研究所（Stowers Institute for Medical Research）的中科院海外评审专家解廷博士对本刊上一篇干细胞研究成果进行了解析，发表Perspective文章。

这篇由哈佛医学院Meng Wang等人完成的研究主要针对线虫中与生殖干细胞和长寿有关的脂肪代谢。解廷博士认为这项研究提出了代谢调节、寿命和生殖是如何互相关联的机制。解廷博士早年毕业于北京农业大学，主要研究兴趣在于干细胞方面，去年曾在《Cell》子刊上发表多篇文章，研究成果包括：《Current Biology》上发现microRNA途径对控制果蝇生殖干细胞和体干细胞的自我更新至关重要；《Cell Stem Cell》与中科院的研究院一道证明了干细胞功能中年龄依赖性得下降有关的特殊因素，以及这些因素的微环境：niche。

一般认为脂肪代谢，生殖和衰老都是相互关联的体内生物事件，但是它们是如何相互作用的机制至今并不清楚。在这篇文章中，研究人员发现线虫中的生殖干细胞（GSCs）停止分化会激活一种促进脂肪分解的酶的活性，从而寿命得以延长。脂肪组织中这种脂肪酶的组成性表达会导致动物长寿。

因此研究院认为这种酶是一种脂肪水解的关键因素，而线虫的生殖干细胞活性与其表达水平密切相关，当干细胞停止分化，这种酶表达水平明显上升，并更多的消化脂肪。从而在脂肪打斜和长寿之间建立了一个连接，证明了干细胞的又一重要作用。
（生物通：张迪）

原文摘要：

Fat Metabolism Links Germline Stem Cells and Longevity in C. elegans


Fat metabolism, reproduction, and aging are intertwined regulatory axes; however, the mechanism by which they are coupled remains poorly understood. We found that germline stem cells (GSCs) actively modulate lipid hydrolysis in Caenorhabditis elegans, which in turn regulates longevity. GSC arrest promotes systemic lipolysis via induction of a specific fat lipase. Subsequently, fat mobilization is promoted and life span is prolonged. Constitutive expression of this lipase in fat storage tissue generates lean and long-lived animals. This lipase is a key factor in the lipid hydrolysis and increased longevity that are induced by decreased insulin signaling. These results suggest a link between C. elegans fat metabolism and longevity.

附：

中国科学院第四批海外评审专家信息

解 廷（Xie Ting）
性别: 男
出国时间: 1991
最后学位: 博士学位
获得学位的时间: 1996
最后获得学位的单位: Rutgers University,New Jersey, USA
现职单位: 斯德尔(Stowers)医学院
现任职务（英文）: Associate Professor
现任职务（中译）: 副教授
从事的学科领域: 生命科学与生物技术
专业: 细胞生物学
主要研究方向: 干细胞
现单位通讯地址: 1000 East 50 Street Kansas City,MO 64110
传真: 816-916-2029
E-mail: [e-mail]
所在国家/州/省/城市: 美国 , Kansas City


获成果/奖励情况:
1. 2003年,M.R.and Evelyn Hudson Foundation,M.R.and Evelyn Hudson Foundation prize.
2. 1992-1995年,Rutgers University,Busch Predoctoral Fellowship
3. 1984-1987年,Beijing Agricultural University,Highest Academic Honor.

与国内学术交流等情况:
I have visiteed Institute of Zoology of Chinese Academy of Sciences for seminars and have also carried out scientific changes.I have been helping Dr.Duan to train graduate students on stem cell research and have planned to do some collaborative research on stem cells.
I have visited Institute of Microbiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and College of Life Sciences of Beijing University for scientific exchanges.
Iwas invited to be a plenary speaker in The First International Symposium on Glaucoma(Beijing)in the spring of 2004.
I have been invited to speak in the coming 10 SCBA International Symposium(Beijing).


主要学术贡献创新思想:
I(as a postdoctoral fellow)have first demonstrated that stem cells are controlled by their microenvironments or niches(Xie and Spradling,Science,2000).This niche concept has changed the way scientists study stem cells.
My laboratory has first identified cadherin as "glue"for anchoring stem cells in their niches(Song et al.,Science,2002;Song and Xie,PNAS,2002).It is clear by now that this is a general mechanism for anchoring stem cells in their niche.
Mlaboratory has identified important growth factors that are produced by niche cells and are essential for stem cell self-renewal and proliferation(Song and Cie,Development,2003;Song et al.Development,2004;Kawase ed al.Development,2004).The identification of those growth factors is critical for understanding stem cell biology and using stem cells as therapeutic tools.
My laboratory has recently discovered that multiple stem cells in one niche can derive from one precursor cell(Zhu and Xie,Development,2003).This discovery provides important insight into how empty niches are re-populated in stem cell therapy.

斯托瓦斯研究所（Stowers Institute）

位于密苏里州堪萨斯市，这个60万平方尺的校园里集合了这种先进设施，主要致力于通过进行细胞基本生命过程的研究，寻求尖端技术更有效的预防和治疗疾病。Stowers Institute由Jim Stowers和Virginia Stowers这两位癌症幸存者捐赠的2亿美元资助成立。