Cell：最具治疗潜力的干细胞

　　

生物通报道，来自匹兹大学附属匹兹堡儿童医院的科学家在再生医学研究上取得新的研究进展，相关成果文章已经发表在9月Cell子刊《Cell Stem Cell》杂志上。据悉，匹兹堡大学医学中心附属匹兹堡儿童医院的干细胞研究者在人类血管壁中发现一种新的成体干细胞种类，这种新的成体干细胞具有多能性，能分化形成机体组织，比如骨组织、软骨组织和肌肉细胞。

 

该项研究由匹兹堡大学医学院Bruno Péault博士领导，Bruno Péault博士是匹兹堡儿童医院干细胞研究中心的主任，他和研究小组发现毛细血管外膜细胞具有多能性。研究发现，机体毛细血管和微血管壁上的外膜细胞能分化成多种组织细胞，具有干细胞的多能性。

 

Bruno Péault说，外膜细胞具有多能性，是再生医学领域的又一有意义的重大发现。因为外膜细胞容易获得，从机体的组织就能轻松的分离外膜细胞，外膜细胞来源广泛，脂肪组织、牙髓、脐带和胎盘组织里都有大量的外膜细胞。将外膜系统提取出来经过定向诱导后能新生成病人需要的细胞类型，再将新细胞注入机体可修复损伤的机体组织，具有广阔的临床应用前景。

 

据科学家介绍，几乎在人类所有的组织里都能获得外膜细胞，研究者曾从胰腺中提取外膜细胞，经过定向诱导用于修复损伤的肌肉。

原文摘要：A Perivascular Origin for Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Human Organs

 

【Summary】

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the archetypal multipotent progenitor cells derived in cultures of developed organs, are of unknown identity and native distribution. We have prospectively identified perivascular cells, principally pericytes, in multiple human organs including skeletal muscle, pancreas, adipose tissue, and placenta, on CD146, NG2, and PDGF-Rβ expression and absence of hematopoietic, endothelial, and myogenic cell markers. Perivascular cells purified from skeletal muscle or nonmuscle tissues were myogenic in culture and in vivo. Irrespective of their tissue origin, long-term cultured perivascular cells retained myogenicity; exhibited at the clonal level osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic potentials; expressed MSC markers; and migrated in a culture model of chemotaxis. Expression of MSC markers was also detected at the surface of native, noncultured perivascular cells. Thus, blood vessel walls harbor a reserve of progenitor cells that may be integral to the origin of the elusive MSCs and other related adult stem cells.

 

（生物通 张欢）