德国大学的世界排名偏后,那又如何?

【字体: 时间:2009年11月13日 来源:武夷山的博客

编辑推荐:

  德国的总体科技实力在世界上属于前5名之列,这是毫无疑义的。但是,德国大学的世界排名不太理想。

  

德国大学的世界排名偏后,那又如何?

武夷山

 

德国的总体科技实力在世界上属于前5名之列,这是毫无疑义的。但是,德国大学的世界排名不太理想。

Nature杂志2004427卷总6972188页报道,德国总理施罗德20041月初表示,德国至少要创办一所能与美国和英国的名牌大学媲美的大学。根据上海交通大学高等教育研究所的大学排行榜,当时,德国最好的大学――慕尼黑大学在世界上排在第48位。

5年来,德国的努力有没有成效呢?

据英国Times Higher Education-QS 2009年的大学排行榜(见下面的表,http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/Rankings2009-Top200.html),德国排名最靠前的大学是慕尼黑理工大学,排在第55位,与东京工学院并列,而它在2008年则排在世界第78位。这一变化幅度很大,一年前进了23位,在前55位的大学中是进步最快的,但是,位次仍旧很靠后,与国家的科技地位是不相称的。相形之下,我国的香港大学、香港科技大学、香港中文大学、清华大学和北京大学都排在慕尼黑理工大学前面。

    我在“我们该向德国学习什么” http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=12136一文中指出:德国奉行“综合理性”。其表现之一是:德国政府非常重视缩小地区发展差距,追求较平衡的发展。与地区差距相对较小相一致的是,德国大学之间的水平差异也不是很大(http://www.moe.gov.cn/moe-direct/fazhanyjzx/217.htm)。而在美国和中国,州(省)际的发展水平差异是很大的,大学之间的水平差异也很大。我认为,这恰恰是德国的一大优点。即使没有哪家德国大学在世界大学排行榜上排名靠前,也没有什么大不了的。如果中国的最好大学在世界上的排位下降了,但是,中国的实际科技水平在提高,地区差距与校际差距在缩小,我倒要额手称庆呢。

 

 

Top 200 world universities

 

1

1

Harvard University

US

100

100

98

100

85

78

100.0

2

3

University of Cambridge

UK

100

100

100

89

98

96

99.6

3

2

Yale University

US

100

99

100

94

85

77

99.1

4

7

University College London

UK

98

99

100

90

96

99

99.0

5=

6

Imperial College London

UK

100

100

100

80

98

100

97.8

5=

4

University of Oxford

UK

100

100

100

80

96

97

97.8

7

8

University of Chicago

US

100

99

97

88

77

83

96.8

8

12

Princeton University

US

100

96

82

100

89

81

96.6

9

9

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

US

100

100

89

100

31

95

96.1

10

5

California Institute of Technology

US

99

72

87

100

100

89

95.9

11

10

Columbia University

US

100

99

97

92

28

89

95.6

12

11

University of Pennsylvania

US

96

99

85

98

82

60

94.2

13

13=

Johns Hopkins University

US

98

79

100

99

28

71

94.1

14

13=

Duke University

US

95

97

100

93

29

62

92.9

15

15

Cornell University

US

100

99

85

94

28

73

92.5

16

17

Stanford University

US

100

100

71

100

25

96

92.2

17

16

Australian National University

Australia

100

91

75

74

99

92

90.5

18

20

McGill University

Canada

100

97

92

61

67

95

90.4

19

18

University of Michigan

US

99

99

85

81

57

52

89.9

20=

23

University of Edinburgh

UK

97

99

84

65

93

86

89.3

20=

24

ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)

Switzerland

97

80

55

99

100

94

89.3

22

19

University of Tokyo

Japan

100

97

98

70

28

42

88.9

23

22

King’s College London

UK

91

98

90

67

92

88

88.4

24

26

University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong

96

89

87

56

100

95

87.5

25

25

Kyoto University

Japan

100

93

81

85

32

26

87.1

26

29

University of Manchester

UK

94

100

79

58

90

87

85.7

27

21

Carnegie Mellon University

US

94

93

56

88

62

96

85.6

28

28

Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris

France

94

87

100

53

76

61

85.4

29

41

University of Toronto

Canada

100

96

63

74

82

51

85.3

30

30=

National University of Singapore

Singapore

100

96

40

75

100

100

84.3

31

27

Brown University

US

88

85

67

97

53

55

83.9

32=

30=

University of California, Los Angeles

US

100

98

46

100

21

33

83.5

32=

33

Northwestern University

US

86

97

78

79

28

100

83.5

34

32

University of Bristol

UK

83

99

84

69

85

77

83.4

35

39

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Hong Kong

89

86

84

54

100

99

83.3

36=

34=

Ecole Polytechnique

France

76

99

100

65

63

95

83.1

36=

38

University of Melbourne

Australia

100

100

57

61

59

97

83.1

36=

37

University of Sydney

Australia

99

97

58

53

99

95

83.1

39

36

University of California, Berkeley

US

100

100

25

100

86

34

82.7

40

34=

University of British Columbia

Canada

100

93

51

77

34

60

81.2

41

43

University of Queensland

Australia

94

95

47

67

99

82

80.7

42

50=

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Switzerland

67

70

92

84

100

100

80.6

43=

44

Osaka University

Japan

92

73

90

68

24

33

80.1

43=

49

Trinity College Dublin

Ireland

88

96

72

49

98

83

80.1

45

47

Monash University

Australia

98

99

56

42

95

96

80.0

46

42

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong

87

77

77

55

97

79

79.6

47=

45

University of New South Wales

Australia

96

99

39

62

82

93

79.0

47=

50=

Seoul National University

South Korea

99

69

92

47

29

33

79.0

49=

53

University of Amsterdam

Netherlands

93

81

73

62

71

32

78.9

49=

56

Tsinghua University

China

98

83

95

34

45

34

78.9

51

48

University of Copenhagen

Denmark

84

67

100

48

71

73

78.8

52=

40

New York University

US

94

94

75

53

26

52

78.4

52=

50=

Peking University

China

100

93

89

35

24

30

78.4

54

46

Boston University

US

87

87

68

67

25

89

77.8

55=

78=

Technical University of Munich

Germany

73

90

92

58

56

74

76.3

55=

61

Tokyo Institute of Technology

Japan

81

79

72

80

31

49

76.3

57

57

Heidelberg University

Germany

90

47

77

58

58

80

76.2

58

69

University of Warwick

UK

86

100

63

39

85

97

75.7

59

74

University of Alberta

Canada

88

71

65

52

91

66

75.4

60

64

Leiden University

Netherlands

89

58

35

97

74

40

75.3

61=

65

University of Auckland

New Zealand

95

96

36

45

93

99

74.7

61=

55

University of Wisconsin-Madison

US

90

76

44

87

29

36

74.7

63=

81=

Aarhus University

Denmark

83

51

65

75

69

66

74.5

63=

71

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

US

92

66

23

93

72

49

74.5

65

72

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Belgium

94

80

35

73

55

55

74.2

66

75

University of Birmingham

UK

78

93

57

63

83

76

73.9

67=

66

London School of Economics

UK

89

100

53

29

100

100

73.7

67=

88

Lund University

Sweden

84

59

55

78

57

62

73.7

69

95

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

South Korea

84

52

77

65

47

31

72.6

70=

67

Utrecht University

Netherlands

87

65

61

71

43

24

72.4

70=

81=

University of York

UK

63

95

75

61

95

83

72.4

72

68

University of Geneva

Switzerland

68

36

54

96

97

100

72.3

73=

77

Nanyang Technological University

Singapore

86

84

44

44

100

100

72.0

73=

60

Washington University in St Louis

US

57

50

95

98

30

53

72.0

75

63

Uppsala University

Sweden

89

51

42

80

68

40

71.9

76=

58

University of California, San Diego

US

98

51

17

100

22

27

71.5

76=

70

University of Texas at Austin

US

93

92

29

65

55

41

71.5

78

102=

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

US

72

78

72

82

23

26

71.3

79

73

University of Glasgow

UK

73

83

67

64

58

60

71.2

80

59

University of Washington

US

83

46

45

99

25

36

71.1

81

106=

University of Adelaide

Australia

78

87

38

62

87

96

70.8

82

76

University of Sheffield

UK

65

97

70

59

81

76

70.6

83

78=

Delft University of Technology

Netherlands

78

88

57

49

84

73

70.4

84

83=

University of Western Australia

Australia

72

81

50

63

99

87

70.2

85

54

Dartmouth College

US

58

93

60

100

34

52

70.1

86

83=

Georgia Institute of Technology

US

76

81

23

99

36

77

70.0

87=

99=

Purdue University

US

83

83

38

58

94

60

69.8

87=

83=

University of St Andrews

UK

57

92

74

61

91

99

69.8

89

108

University College Dublin

Ireland

72

94

67

37

95

90

69.7

90

62

Emory University

US

51

68

94

90

41

45

69.6

91

86

University of Nottingham

UK

70

99

61

48

84

86

69.4

92=

120

Nagoya University

Japan

67

77

89

61

28

34

69.2

92=

106=

University of Zurich

Switzerland

79

37

22

98

99

71

69.2

94

137=

Free University of Berlin

Germany

87

31

28

92

49

63

69.0

95=

99=

University of Southampton

UK

64

87

66

59

86

76

68.9

95=

124=

National Taiwan University

Taiwan

93

82

39

57

29

25

68.9

97

112

Tohoku University

Japan

67

58

98

58

36

32

68.6

98

93=

Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich

Germany

86

45

34

76

53

66

68.4

99

104

University of Leeds

UK

73

99

57

48

75

62

68.3

100

78=

Rice University

US

56

44

86

87

38

67

68.1

101

177=

University of Oslo

Norway

77

62

85

40

32

58

67.7

102

93=

Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Israel

87

24

43

77

61

32

67.3

103=

122=

Durham University

UK

62

99

56

60

91

69

67.2

103=

113

Fudan University

China

90

84

44

44

29

47

67.2

105

87

University of Minnesota

US

74

51

26

99

84

38

67.1

106

98

University of California, Santa Barbara

US

86

42

21

97

37

21

66.6

107

91=

Université de Montréal

Canada

81

29

36

71

82

74

66.2

108=

131

University of Basel

Switzerland

63

30

99

37

99

90

66.1

108=

89

University of California, Davis

US

76

47

43

91

26

25

66.1

108=

126

Erasmus University Rotterdam

Netherlands

57

98

48

82

57

65

66.1

108=

91=

University of Helsinki

Finland

85

42

53

67

29

21

66.1

112

102=

University of Southern California

US

62

66

49

79

66

88

66.0

113

129

University of Waterloo

Canada

82

78

13

78

71

41

65.8

114=

97

University of Pittsburgh

US

55

30

93

76

73

35

65.6

114=

114

Tel Aviv University

Israel

83

38

24

98

35

20

65.6

116

111

Maastricht University

Netherlands

48

73

76

70

66

100

65.3

117

149

Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI

France

76

22

85

43

27

88

65.0

118

117=

Queen’s University

Canada

71

88

51

55

68

34

64.7

119

90

Case Western Reserve University

US

52

38

88

86

20

52

64.6

120=

128

Eindhoven University of Technology

Netherlands

55

59

100

42

99

39

64.4

120=

105

Pennsylvania State University

US

73

69

29

89

38

34

64.4

122=

147=

Freiburg University

Germany

67

26

91

44

51

76

64.0

122=

122=

University of Maryland, College Park

US

67

34

56

83

55

38

64.0

124

147=

City University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong

66

58

63

48

100

60

63.9

125

124=

University of Otago

New Zealand

68

77

39

52

100

83

63.8

126=

116

Université Catholique de Louvain

Belgium

81

53

17

77

47

72

63.7

126=

140

Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon

France

42

57

100

71

55

60

63.7

128

96

University of Virginia

US

57

91

60

77

22

36

63.5

129=

153

University of Aberdeen

UK

54

69

67

57

90

87

63.4

129=

110

Georgetown University

US

65

90

65

50

24

51

63.4

129=

121

Ohio State University

US

69

77

40

64

69

46

63.4

132=

109

Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Israel

80

55

37

75

18

17

63.0

132=

115

University of Vienna

Austria

86

60

13

58

65

77

63.0

134

188=

Pohang University of Science and Technology

South Korea

53

31

72

97

50

19

62.9

135

133=

Cardiff University

UK

59

84

63

49

70

72

62.8

136

136

University of Ghent

Belgium

68

37

89

43

49

34

62.6

137

133=

University of Liverpool

UK

52

76

73

54

78

64

62.4

138=

166=

Chulalongkorn University

Thailand

89

80

53

23

28

14

62.3

138=

144=

University of Groningen

Netherlands

61

62

63

61

62

49

62.3

140

101

Vanderbilt University

US

43

74

100

58

54

36

62.2

141

119

University of Rochester

US

48

20

100

64

61

63

61.8

142

214

Keio University

Japan

69

88

79

28

24

18

61.6

143

117=

McMaster University

Canada

75

37

18

98

27

31

60.9

144=

152

University of Bath

UK

52

98

48

50

89

94

60.7

144=

227

University of Bergen

Norway

59

53

62

58

60

64

60.7

146=

179

University of Cape Town

South Africa

64

79

27

62

77

86

60.6

146=

139

Humboldt University of Berlin

Germany

83

36

36

51

45

59

60.6

148

180=

Waseda University

Japan

83

91

43

23

41

30

60.5

149=

170=

University of Calgary

Canada

68

60

9

100

47

31

60.4

149=

155=

Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen

Germany

65

27

69

58

53

50

60.4

151=

159

University of Western Ontario

Canada

65

67

17

91

70

27

60.3

151=

203

Yonsei University

South Korea

76

43

78

30

22

31

60.3

153

144=

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

China

72

74

62

40

32

16

60.2

154

141

University of Science and Technology of China

China

74

61

50

59

17

13

60.1

155=

158

Kyushu University

Japan

59

59

71

63

19

34

60.0

155=

183=

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Russia

78

70

36

37

76

44

60.0

155=

142

Wageningen University

Netherlands

38

31

87

82

39

97

60.0

158

162=

Newcastle University

UK

43

88

63

57

81

86

59.6

159

133=

Technical University of Denmark

Denmark

39

34

99

62

93

47

59.5

160

157

Tufts University

US

35

54

70

88

100

43

59.4

161

132

University of California, Irvine

US

71

22

22

99

26

35

59.0

162

170=

Lancaster University

UK

55

73

59

41

85

81

58.9

163

174=

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

India

76

79

43

45

16

13

58.6

164

160

Queen Mary, University of London

UK

55

62

75

26

92

90

58.5

165

155=

VU University Amsterdam

Netherlands

65

59

67

43

39

28

58.3

166=

146

University of Arizona

US

64

44

25

94

27

32

58.0

166=

130

University of Sussex

UK

54

44

49

62

87

80

58.0

168=

161

University of Lausanne

Switzerland

46

43

57

67

88

80

57.4

168=

143

Nanjing University

China

76

59

41

42

50

17

57.4

168=

224

Saint-Petersburg State University

Russia

63

60

95

21

16

20

57.4

171=

186=

University of Barcelona

Spain

77

53

17

66

24

37

57.2

171=

174=

Hokkaido University

Japan

51

60

72

64

19

25

57.2

173

127

Stony Brook University

US

54

33

50

68

61

87

57.1

174=

192=

University of Bologna

Italy

82

62

34

34

27

29

56.9

174=

173

KTH, Royal Institute of Technology

Sweden

58

45

49

46

83

98

56.9

174=

216

University of Tsukuba

Japan

59

46

77

45

23

36

56.9

177=

195

University of Antwerp

Belgium

47

36

99

37

59

56

56.7

177=

200=

University of Athens

Greece

46

44

65

76

0

91

56.7

179

137=

Texas A&M University

US

66

64

24

72

32

35

56.6

180

230

Universiti Malaya

Malaysia

60

68

68

21

72

65

56.5

181

154

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

India

68

81

46

48

15

13

56.4

182

216

Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen

Germany

49

88

75

30

50

66

56.3

183

151

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

US

69

32

43

57

61

28

56.2

184

207

University of Karlsruhe

Germany

47

84

73

33

49

81

56.1

185

258

University of Gothenburg

Sweden

49

26

63

62

65

86

55.8

186=

180=

University of Colorado at Boulder

US

54

20

53

87

36

20

55.6

186=

166=

University of Göttingen

Germany

64

21

63

48

40

49

55.6

188

186=

University of Canterbury

New Zealand

57

89

27

39

99

82

55.2

189

182

Macquarie University

Australia

61

77

20

43

86

100

54.9

190

150

National Autonomous University of Mexico

Mexico

68

81

57

21

35

15

54.8

191=

183=

Université Libre de Bruxelles

Belgium

60

56

22

59

57

96

54.7

191=

194

University of Reading

UK

45

71

52

50

80

81

54.7

193=

192=

University of Bern

Switzerland

40

22

58

83

92

44

54.5

193=

170=

Indiana University Bloomington

US

61

69

28

58

46

48

54.5

195

224

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Hong Kong

57

49

30

54

100

75

54.4

196=

177=

University of Leicester

UK

38

48

55

67

72

94

53.9

196=

164

Simon Fraser University

Canada

67

49

19

53

88

49

53.9

198

162=

Chalmers University of Technology

Sweden

58

37

48

56

44

57

53.8

199

168

University of Notre Dame

US

50

74

44

67

25

31

53.6

200

200=

University of Twente

Netherlands

47

51

51

53

83

66

53.5

Source: QS Ltd, published October 1 2009.
© QS Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd.

 

 

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