863项目《细胞》子刊发现新机理

　　

生物通报道：来自北京生命科学研究所，中科院遗传与发育研究所，北京师范大学，新疆大学等处的研究人员发现了丁香假单胞菌（Pseudomonas syringae）效应蛋白AvrPto干扰植物激素信号途径的分子机理。这一研究揭示了AvrB干扰植物激素，促进植物感病的一个新的信号通路。这一研究成果公布在《Cell Host & microbe》杂志杂志上。

领导这一研究的是北京生命科学研究所的周俭民博士，其他参与这一研究的还包括王宇婧（博士研究生）、薛丽（博士后）和中科院遗传与发育研究所的褚金芳、闫存玉、付继红、陈明生研究员，以及印第安那大学的Roger W. Innes教授。

Pseudomonas syringae属于假单胞菌，假单胞菌属现有92种,分布很广，其中有动物致病菌如鼻疽假单胞菌；有植物致病菌如青枯病假单胞菌和丁香假单胞菌。丁香假单胞菌能引起许多植物病变，是一种重要的植物病原。

效应蛋白AvrB可以诱导激素茉莉酸(Jasmonic acid)信号途径的基因表达，增加植物对丁香假单胞菌的感病性。在这篇文章中，研究人员发现在拟南芥中AvrB的这些功能依赖于MAP kinase 4 (MPK4)、HSP90分子伴侣复合体以及AvrB互作蛋白RIN4。AvrB与HSP90蛋白复合体、MPK4互作，诱导了MPK4的磷素化。RIN4可能作用与MPK4的下游，是茉莉酸信号途径的一个正调控因子。这些发现揭示了AvrB干扰植物激素，促进植物感病的一个新的信号通路。

之前周俭民博士研究组曾发现丁香假单胞菌（Pseudomonas syringae）效应蛋白AvrPto帮助细菌侵染植物的分子机理，并发现Pto-AvrPto和FLS2-AvrPto作用方式类似，表明Pto在进化上很可能模拟了受体激酶，作为一个假靶标吸引AvrPto，从而让植物获得抗病性。

植物依赖包括FLS2和EFR在内的受体激酶感应细菌的入侵并激活免疫反应。这一研究工作发现，AvrPto进入植物细胞内后直接作用于FLS2和EFR等受体激酶，阻断信号传导，使植物丧失感受细菌的能力。而在某些抗病番茄中，AvrPto能被胞内蛋白激酶Pto识别，并激活另一条更为强烈的免疫反应通路。该文工作发现Pto-AvrPto和FLS2-AvrPto作用方式类似，表明Pto在进化上很可能模拟了受体激酶，作为一个假靶标吸引AvrPto，从而让植物获得抗病性。

（生物：万纹）

原文摘要：

Pseudomonas syringae Effector Protein AvrB Perturbs Arabidopsis Hormone Signaling by Activating MAP Kinase 4

Summary
Pathogenic microbes often modulate phytohormone physiology in the host to their advantage. We previously showed that the Pseudomonas syringae effector protein AvrB perturbs hormone signaling, as exemplified by upregulated expression of jasmonic acid response genes, and enhances plant susceptibility. Here we show that these effects of AvrB require the Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase MAP kinase 4 (MPK4), HSP90 chaperone components, and the AvrB-interacting protein, RIN4. AvrB interacts with MPK4 and the HSP90 chaperone, and AvrB induces MPK4 activation in a manner promoted by HSP90; RIN4 likely acts downstream of MPK4. These findings link Arabidopsis proteins MPK4, HSP90, and RIN4 into a pathway that P. syringae AvrB activates for the benefit of the bacterium, perturbing hormone signaling and enhancing plant susceptibility.

作者简介：

周俭民 博士
北京生命科学研究所高级研究员

学历
1994 年
普度大学园艺系，博士学位

1987年
中国科学院遗传所， 硕士学位

1984年
四川大学生物系，学士学位


任职经历

2004年-现在
北京生命研究所高级研究员

2002年-2005年
堪萨斯州立大学植物病理系副教授

1997年1-2002年
堪萨斯州立大学植物病理系助教授

1994年-1997年
普度大学农学系，博士后研究员(指导教授Gregory Martin)

1989年-1994年
普度大学园艺系研究助理

1987年-1989年
中国科学院遗传所助理研究员

1984年-1987年
中国科学院遗传所研究助理(硕士)


其它学术兼职/服务

2009年-现在
MPMI，编委

2007年-现在
Molecular Plant,编委

2007年
植物基因组学重点实验室学术委员会委员

2005年
NIH HIBP study section 成员

2003年
美国农业部NRI基金植物遗传机理专家组成员

1996年-现在
Cell Host & Microbe, Science， Plant Cell, Plant Journal, Plant Physiology, MPMI, Mol Plant Pathology, Trends in Genetics, Plant Mol Biol, Physiol., Mol. Plant Pathology, Molecular Plant审稿人

1997年-2003年
美国NSF, USDA NRI, USDA BARD基金项目评审员


研究兴趣

主要兴趣为植物与病原物的相互作用机理。研究方向为拟南芥中抗病性机理，细菌致病过程中的信号传导，以及植物防卫反应中的基因调控。

发表论文目录

1.
Cui, H., Wang, Y., Xue, L., Chu, J., Yan, C., Fu, J., Chen, M., Innes, R.W., and Zhou, J.-M. (2010). Pseudomonas syringae effector protein AvrB perturbs Arabidopsis hormone signaling by activating MAP KINASE 4. Cell Host & Microbe in press.

2.
Huamin Chen, Li Xue, Satya Chintamanani, Hugo Germain, Huiqiong Lin, Haitao Cui, Run Cai, Jianru Zuo, Xiaoyan Tang, Xin Li, Hongwei Guo, and Jian-Min Zhou (2009). ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 repress SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 expression to negatively regulate plant innate immunity. Plant Cell, 25, 2527-2540.

3.
Haitao Cui, Tingting Xiang, and Jian-Min Zhou (2009). Plant immunity: A lesson from pathogenic bacterial effector proteins. Cellular Microbiology, 11, 1453-1461.

4.
Xin Deng, Yanmei Xiao, Lefu Lan, Jian-Min Zhou, and Xiaoyan Tang (2009). Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola mutants compromised for type III secretion system gene induction. Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 22:964-976.

5.
Na Zong, Tingting Xiang, Yan Zou, Jijie Chai, and Jian-Min Zhou (2008). Blocking and triggering of plant immunity by Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPto. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 3: 583-585.

6.
Huamin Chen, Yan Zou, Yulei Shang, Huiqiong Lin, Yujing Wang, Run Cai, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou (2008). Firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay for protein-protein interactions in plants. Plant Physiol. 146: 368-376.

7.
Linjie Chen, Huayi Wang, Jie Zhang, Lichuan Gu, Niu Huang, Jian-Min Zhou, and Jijie Chai (2008). Structural basis for the catalytic mechanism of phosphothreonine lyase. Nat Struct Mol Biol, 15, 101-102.

8.
Tingting Xiang, Na Zong, Yan Zou, Yong Wu, Jie Zhang, Weiman Xing, Yan Li, Xiaoyan Tang, Lihuang Zhu, Jijie Chai, and Jian-Min Zhou (2008). Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPto blocks innate immunity by targeting receptor kinases. Curr Biol, 18, 74-80.

9.
Weiman Xing, Yan Zou, Qun Liu, Jianing Liu, Xi Luo, Qingqiu Huang, She Chen, Lihuang Zhu, Ruchang Bi, Quan Hao, Jia-Wei Wu, Jian-Min Zhou, and Jijie Chai (2007). Structural basis for activation of plant immunity by bacterial effector protein AvrPto. Nature, 449, 243-247.

10.
Jie Zhang, Feng Shao, Yan Li, Haitao Cui, Linjie Chen, Hongtao Li, Yan Zou, Chengzu Long, Lefu Lan, Jijie Chai, She Chen, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou (2007). A Pseudomonas syringae Effector Inactivates MAPKs to Suppress PAMP-Induced Immunity. Cell Host & Microbe, 1,175-185.

11.
Hongtao Li, Hao Xu, Yan Zhou, Jie Zhang, Chengzu Long, Shuqin Li, She Chen, Jian-Min Zhou, Feng Shao (2007). The phosphothreonine lyase activity of a bacterial type III effector family. Science 315: 1000-1003.

12.
Yanmei Xiao, Lefu Lan, Chuntao Yin, Xin Deng, Doug W. Baker, Jian-Min Zhou, Xiaoyan Tang (2007). Two-component sensor RhpS promotes induction of Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion system by repressing negative regulator RhpR. MPMI, 20: 223-234.

13.
Lefu Lan, Xin Deng, Yanmei Xiao, Jian-Min Zhou, Xiaoyan Tang (2007). Mutation of Lon protease differentially affects Pseudomonas syringae TTSS gene expression in rich and minimal media and reduces pathogenicity. MPMI, 20: 682-696.

14.
Lefu Lan, Xing Deng, Jian-Min Zhou, and Xiaoyan Tang (2006). Genome-wide gene expression analysis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 reveals overlapping and distinct pathways regulated by hrpL and hrpRS. MPMI 19: 976-987.

15.
Yulei Shang, Xinyan Li, Haitao Cui, Ping He, Roger Thilmony, Satya Chintamanani, Julie Zwiesler-Vollick, Suresh Gopalan, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou (2006). RAR1, a central player in plant immunity, is targeted by Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB. PNAS (track II), 103: 19200-19205.

16.
Xiaoyan Tang and Jian-Min Zhou (2006). Regulation of the type III secretion system in phytopathogenic bacteria. MPMI, 19, 1159-1166. (review).

17.
Alexandra. Robert-Seilaniantz, Libo Shan, Jian-Min Zhou, and Xiaoyan Tang (2006). The Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Type III Effector HopF2 Has a Putative Myristoylation Site Required for Its Avirulence and Virulence Functions. MPMI, 19: 130-138.

18.
Xinyan Li, Huiqiong Lin, Weiguo Zhang, Yan Zou, Jie Zhang, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou (2005). Flagellin induces innate immunity in nonhost interactions that is suppressed by Pseudomonas syringae effectors. PNAS (track II), 102: 12990-12995.

19.
Fangming Xiao, S. Mark Goodwin, Yanmei Xiao, Zhaoyu Sun, Douglas Baker, Xiaoyan Tang, Matthew A. Jenks, and Jian-Min Zhou (2004) Arabidopsis CYP86A2 represses Pseudomonas syringae type III genes and is required for cuticle development. EMBO J., 23: 2903-2913.

20.
Thara K. Venkatappa, Alexander R. Seilaniantz, Youping Deng, Yinghua Dong, Yinong Yang, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou (2004) Tobacco Genes Induced by the Bacterial Effector Protein AvrPto. MPMI, 17, 1139-1145.

21.
Ping He, Satya Chintamanani, Zhongying Chen, Lihuang Zhu, Barbara N. Kunkel, James R. Alfano, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou (2004). Activation of a COI1-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis by Pseudomonas syringae type III effectors and coronatine. The Plant Journal, 37, 589-602.

22.
Li Kang, Jianxiong Li, Tiehan Zhao, Fangming Xiao, Xiaoyan Tang, Roger Thilmony, ShengYang He, and Jian-Min Zhou (2003). Interplay of the Arabidopsis nonhost resistance gene NHO1 with bacterial virulence. PNAS (track II), 100, 3519-3524.

23.
Jian-Min Zhou and Xiaoyan Tang (2002). Plant disease resistance genes in gene-for-gene resistance and general resistance. In: Andrew J. Wood ed. Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Plants to the Environment, Biochemical & Molecular Responses of Plants to the Environment. Research Signpost, Trivandrum India. pp127. ISBN: 81-7736-167-8.

24.
Ping He, Bernd Friebe, Bikram Gill, and Jian-Min Zhou (2003). Allopolyploidy alters gene expression in the highly stable hexaploid wheat. Plant Molecular Biology, 52, 401-414.

25.
Thara Venkatappa, John Fellers, and Jian-Min Zhou (2003). In planta induced genes of Puccinia triticina. Molecular Plant Pathology, 4, 51-56.

26.
Fangming Xiao, Ming Lu, Tiehan Zhao, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou (2003). Pto mutants differentially activate Prf-dependent, AvrPto-independent resistance and gene-for-gene resistance. Plant Physiology, 131, 1239-1249.

27.
Jianxiong Li, Libo Shan, Jian-Min Zhou, and Xiaoyan Tang (2002). Overexpression of Pto induces a salicylate-independent cell death but inhibits necrotic lesions caused by salicylate deficiency in tomato plants. MPMI, 15, 654-661.

28.
Fang-Ming Xiao, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou (2001). Expression of 35S::Pto globally activates defense gene expression in tomato plants. Plant Physiology, 126, 1637-1645.

29.
Ping He, Randall F. Warren, Libo Shan, Tiehan Zhao, Lihuang Zhu, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou (2001). Overexpression of Pti5 potentiates pathogen-induced defense gene expression in tomato. MPMI 14, 1453-1457.

30.
Ming Lu, Xiaoyan Tang, and Jian-Min Zhou. (2001) Arabidopsis NHO1 is required for general resistance against Pseudomonas bacteria. Plant Cell, 13, 437-447.

31.
Libo Shan, Venkatappa Thara, Gregory Martin, Jian-Min Zhou, and Xiaoyan Tang (2000). The Pseudomonas AvrPto protein is differentially recognized by tomato and tobacco and is localized to the plant plasma membrane. Plant Cell, 12, 2323-2338.

32.
Libo Shan, Ping He, Jian-Min Zhou, and Xiaoyan Tang (2000). A cluster of mutations disrupt the avirulence but not the virulence function of AvrPto. MPMI 13, 592-598.

33.
Yong-Qiang Gu, Caimei Yang, Venkatappa Thara, Jian-Min Zhou, and Gregory Martin (2000). Pti4 is induced by ethylene and salicylic acid, and its product is phosphorylated by the Pto kinase. Plant Cell 12, 771-785.

34.
Venkatappa K. Thara, Xiaoyan Tang, Gregory B. Martin, and Jian-Min Zhou (1999). Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato induces the expression of tomato EREBP-like genes Pti4 and Pti5 independent of ethylene, salicylate and jasmonate. Plant J. 20, 475-483.

35.
Jian-Min Zhou (1999). Signal transduction and pathogen-induced PR gene expression. In: Pathogenesis-related proteins in plants, S.K. Datta and S. Muthukrishnan eds., CRC Press. 195-206.

36.
Xiaoyan Tang, Mingtang Xie, Young Jin-Kim, Jian-Min Zhou, Daniel F. Klessig, and Gregory B. Martin (1999). Overexpression of Pto Activates Defense Responses and Confers Broad Resistance. Plant Cell 11: 15-30.

37.
Ying-Tsu Loh, Jian-Min Zhou, and Gregory Martin (1998). The myristylation motif of Pto is not required for disease resistance. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interct. 11, 572-576.

38.
Ping Xu, Meena Narasimhan, Teresa Samson, Maria Coca, Gyung-Hye Huh, Jian-Min Zhou, Gregory Martin, Paul Hasegawa, and Ray Bressan (1998). A nitrilase-like protein interacts with GCC box DNA-binding proteins involved in ethylene and defense responses. Plant Physiology 118, 867-874.

39.
Jian-Min Zhou, Xiaoyan Tang, Reid Frederick, and Gregory Martin (1998). Pathogen recognition and signal transduction by the Pto kinase. J. Plant Res. 111, 353-356.

40.
Jian-Min Zhou, Xiaoyan Tang, and Gregory Martin (1997). The Pto kinase conferring resistance to tomato bacterial speck disease interacts with proteins that bind a cis-element of pathogenesis-related genes. EMBO Journal 16, 3207-3218.

41.
Yulin Jia, Ying-Tsu Loh, Jian-Min Zhou, and Gregory Martin (1997). Alleles of Pto and Fen occur in bacterial speck-susceptible and fenthion-insensitive tomato lines and encode functional protein kinases. Plant Cell 9, 61-73.

42.
Angus Murphy, Jian-Min Zhou, Peter B. Goldsbrough, and Lincoln Taiz (1997). Purification and immunological identification of metallothioneins 1 and 2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiology 113, 1293-1301.

43.
Jianjun Chen, Jian-Min Zhou, and Peter B. Goldsbrough (1997). Characterization of phytochelatin synthase from tomato. Physiologia Plantarum 101, 165-172.

44.
Martin, G.B., Xiaoyan Tang, Jianmin Zhou, Reid Frederick, Yulin Jia, and Ying-Tsu Loh (1996). Signal recognition and transduction in bacterial speck disease resistance of tomato. In: Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, G. Stacey et al. eds. (International Society for Molecular-Microbe Interactions, St. Paul, Minnesota).

45.
Martin, G.B., Reid Frederick, Roger L. Thilmony, and Jianmin Zhou (1996). Signal transduction events involved in plant disease resistance. In: Molecular Aspects of Pathogenicity and Resistance: Requirement for Signal Transduction, D. Mills, H. Kunoh, N. T. Keen and S. Mayama eds. U.S./Japan Seminar Series Proceedings, pp. 163-176.

46.
Xiaoyan Tang, Reid D. Frederick, Jianmin Zhou, Dennis A. Halterman, Yulin Jia, and Gregory B. Martin (1996). Initiation of plant disease resistance by physical interaction of AvrPto and Pto kinase. Science 274, 2060-2063.

47.
Jianmin Zhou, Ying-Tsu Loh, Ray Bressan, and Gregory Martin (1995). The tomato gene Pti1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is phosphorylated by Pto and is involved in the hypersensitive response. Cell 83, 925-935.

48.
Jianmin Zhou and Peter B. Goldsbrough (1995). Structure, organization and expression of Arabidopsis metallothionein gene family. Mol. Gen. Genet. 248, 318-328.

49.
Jianmin Zhou and Peter B. Goldsbrough (1994). Functional homologues of animal and fungal metallothionein genes from Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 6, 875-884.

50.
Jianmin Zhou and Peter B. Goldsbrough (1993). An Arabidopsis gene with homology to glutathione s-transferases is regulated by ethylene. Plant Molecular Biology 22, 517-523.

51.
Jiaping Zhou, Jianmin Zhou, Sixin Liang, He Huang, Long Pang, and Yinxian Jiao (1990). Cell selection of the tobacco mutant resistant to black shank disease. Acta Genetica Sinica 17(3), 180-188.


PATENT

Gregory B. Martin and Jian-Min Zhou (1996). Genes enhancing disease resistance in plants. U.S. utility patent application serial no. 09/202,161.