解廷《细胞》子刊解析干细胞重要发现

【字体: 时间:2007年10月12日 来源:生物通

编辑推荐:

  研究人员揭示了干细胞衰老的奥秘,这一发表在昨天刚刚出版的《Cell Stem Cell》杂志上的文章由中科院海外评审专家解廷(斯托瓦斯医学研究所)领导完成,第一作者是斯托瓦斯医学研究所与中科院生物物理研究所联合培养的博士生潘磊(Lei Pan,音译)。

  

生物通报道:来自著名的美国密苏里州斯托瓦斯医学研究所(Stowers Institute for Medical Research),中科院生物物理研究所传染病与免疫学中心,堪萨斯大学医学院,中西大学(Midwestern University)的研究人员揭示了干细胞衰老的奥秘,这一发表在昨天刚刚出版的《Cell Stem Cell》杂志上的文章由中科院海外评审专家解廷(斯托瓦斯医学研究所)领导完成,第一作者是斯托瓦斯医学研究所与中科院生物物理研究所联合培养的博士生潘磊(Lei Pan,音译)。

目前普遍认为人类组织衰老与干细胞活性下降和数目减少有关,这些变化在许多譬如皮肤皱纹和器官功能下降等的衰老表现中起着重要的作用。

至今为止对于干细胞衰老调控的理解还比较少,但是解廷实验室已经证明了干细胞功能中年龄依赖性得下降有关的特殊因素,以及这些因素的微环境:niche。

潘表示,“在这项研究中,我们利用果蝇卵巢生殖干细胞(germline stem cells,GSCs)作为研究模型,证明干细胞功能中年龄依赖性的下降和其niche在干细胞整个衰老过程中扮演着十分重要的角色”,“我们检测了干细胞衰老调控的三个因素,发现并证明衰老过程是受到外在和内在因素调控的”。

研究小组首先聚焦在一个称为骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenic protein, BMP)的蛋白家族——其在许多组织的发育过程中扮演着重要的角色,他们发现当niche微环境的BMP信号活性随着年龄下降的时候,干细胞增值的能力也会随之降低,干细胞数量也减少了。相反当BMP信号增加,干细胞的寿命以及增值能力也都有所提升。

其次研究人员也发现干细胞与niche之间的关联也起到一定作用:强的关联可以延长干细胞的寿命,而降低关联则会增加干细胞衰老。

这篇研究报告最后强调了GSCs或者niche中的一个酶(减少自由氧)的过量表达如何延长干细胞的寿命,以及增加干细胞增值的能力。解廷认为,“对成人组织中由于干细胞功能下降导致细胞损耗的长期无效替换也许是人类衰老的一个主要原因”,“如果我们能了解如何通过操纵干细胞和/或niche的功能,来减缓干细胞衰老,我们也许就能够减缓人类衰老,治疗年龄相关性的推行性疾病”。
(生物通:张迪)

原文摘要:
Copyright © 2007 Cell Press. All rights reserved.
Cell Stem Cell, Vol 1, 458-469, 11 October 2007
Stem Cell Aging Is Controlled Both Intrinsically and Extrinsically in the Drosophila Ovary
Abstract

中国科学院第四批海外评审专家信息

解 廷(Xie Ting)
性别: 男
出国时间: 1991
最后学位: 博士学位
获得学位的时间: 1996
最后获得学位的单位: Rutgers University,New Jersey, USA
现职单位: 斯德尔(Stowers)医学院
现任职务(英文): Associate Professor
现任职务(中译): 副教授
从事的学科领域: 生命科学与生物技术
专业: 细胞生物学
主要研究方向: 干细胞
现在进行的研究课题: Genetic and molecular studies on the mechanisms controlling stem cell self-renewal,proliferation and differentiation in Drosophila and mice
现单位通讯地址: 1000 East 50 Street Kansas City,MO 64110
传真: 816-916-2029
E-mail: tgx@stowersinstitute.org
所在国家/州/省/城市: 美国 , Kansas City


代表性学术论文/论著:
 1.Xiaoqing Song,Marco D.Wong,Eihachiro Kawase,Rongwen Xi,Bee C.Ding,John J.McCarthy and Ting Xie(2004).BMP signals from niche cells directly repress transcription of a differentiation-promoting gene,bag of marbles,in germline stem cells in the Drosophila ovary.Development131,1353-1364.
2.Eihachiro Kawase Marco D.Wong,Bee C.Ding and Ting Xie(2004).Two BMP-like signaling pathways directly control the maintenance of germline stem cells in the Drosophila testis.Development 131,1365-1375.
3.Xiaoqing Song and Ting Xie(2003).The wingless signaling is required for the maintenance and proliferation of somatic stem cells in the Drosophila ovary. Development 103,3259-3268.
4.Chun-Hong Zhu and Ting Xie(2003).Clonal expansion of ovarian germline stem cells during niche formation in Drosophila.Development 130,2579-2588.
5.Xiaoqing Song and Ting Xie(2002).DE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is essential for maintaining somatic stem cells in the Drosophila ovary.PNAS,99,14813-14818.
6.Xiaoqing Song,Chun-Hong Zhu,Chuong Doan and Ting Xie(2002).Germline stem cells anchored by adherens junctions in the Drosophila ovary niches.Science 296,1855-1857.
7.Ting Xie and Allan C.Sprading(2001).The Drosophila ovary:an in vivo stem cell system.Stem Cell Biology (Cold Spring Harbor Monograph Series),D.R.Marshak,R.L.Gardner and D.Gottlied,eds.,129-148.
8.Ting Xie and Allan C.Sprading(2000).A niche maintaining germ line stem cells in the Drosophila Ovary.Science 290,328-330.
9.Ting Xie and Allan C.Sprading(1998).decapentaplegic is essential for the maintenance and division of germline stem cells in the Drosophila ovary.Cell 94,251-260.
10.Ting Xie,Alyce L.Finelli and Richard W.Padgett(1994).The Drosophila saxophone gene:a serine-threonine kinase receptor of TGF-β superfamily.Science 263,1756-1759.

获成果/奖励情况:
1. 2003年,M.R.and Evelyn Hudson Foundation,M.R.and Evelyn Hudson Foundation prize.
2. 1992-1995年,Rutgers University,Busch Predoctoral Fellowship
3. 1984-1987年,Beijing Agricultural University,Highest Academic Honor.

与国内学术交流等情况:
I have visiteed Institute of Zoology of Chinese Academy of Sciences for seminars and have also carried out scientific changes.I have been helping Dr.Duan to train graduate students on stem cell research and have planned to do some collaborative research on stem cells.
I have visited Institute of Microbiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and College of Life Sciences of Beijing University for scientific exchanges.
Iwas invited to be a plenary speaker in The First International Symposium on Glaucoma(Beijing)in the spring of 2004.
I have been invited to speak in the coming 10 SCBA International Symposium(Beijing).
 

主要学术贡献创新思想:
I(as a postdoctoral fellow)have first demonstrated that stem cells are controlled by their microenvironments or niches(Xie and Spradling,Science,2000).This niche concept has changed the way scientists study stem cells.
My laboratory has first identified cadherin as "glue"for anchoring stem cells in their niches(Song et al.,Science,2002;Song and Xie,PNAS,2002).It is clear by now that this is a general mechanism for anchoring stem cells in their niche.
Mlaboratory has identified important growth factors that are produced by niche cells and are essential for stem cell self-renewal and proliferation(Song and Cie,Development,2003;Song et al.Development,2004;Kawase ed al.Development,2004).The identification of those growth factors is critical for understanding stem cell biology and using stem cells as therapeutic tools.
My laboratory has recently discovered that multiple stem cells in one niche can derive from one precursor cell(Zhu and Xie,Development,2003).This discovery provides important insight into how empty niches are re-populated in stem cell therapy.

 

斯托瓦斯研究所(Stowers Institute)

位于密苏里州堪萨斯市,这个60万平方尺的校园里集合了这种先进设施,主要致力于通过进行细胞基本生命过程的研究,寻求尖端技术更有效的预防和治疗疾病。Stowers Institute由Jim Stowers和Virginia Stowers这两位癌症幸存者捐赠的2亿美元资助成立。

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