摘要: 来自约翰霍普金斯医学院,霍德华休斯医学院遗传医学研究院,神经科学系,南伊利诺斯大学医学院,纽卡斯尔大学(The University of New Castle),北京大学第一附属医院等处的研究人员通过遗传学和功能学研究证明了带有可变动力学特征的突变iGluR3与人类中度认知损伤(moderate cognitive impairment)有关。这为了解代谢型谷氨酸受体AMPA受体的作用机理,以及深入研究学习和记忆的细胞模式提供了重要资料。这一研究成果公布在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上。
生物通报道:来自约翰霍普金斯医学院,霍德华休斯医学院遗传医学研究院,神经科学系,南伊利诺斯大学医学院,纽卡斯尔大学(The University of New Castle),北京大学第一附属医院等处的研究人员通过遗传学和功能学研究证明了带有可变动力学特征的突变iGluR3与人类中度认知损伤(moderate cognitive impairment)有关。这为了解代谢型谷氨酸受体AMPA受体的作用机理,以及深入研究学习和记忆的细胞模式提供了重要资料。这一研究成果公布在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上。
原文检索: Published online before print November 7, 2007 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0708699104 Mutations in ionotropic AMPA receptor 3 alter channel properties and are associated with moderate cognitive impairment in humans 『Abstract』
突触后膜上游荡的AMPA受体
在大脑中难以计数的突触中,目前认为兴奋性突触执行着学习和认知的主要功能。谷氨酸是大脑中含量最多,功能最强的兴奋性突触递质。谷氨酸在突触后膜上的受体被受体特异性的激动剂分为几类,NMDA受体,AMPA受体和代谢型谷氨酸受体是最主要的三类。人们发现NMDA受体和AMPA受体在突触后膜上的行为是不同的,NMDA受体在后膜上相对稳定,而AMPA受体在膜上的含量高度可变,甚至有部分突触后膜不含AMPA受体,同时AMPA受体的变化也是与突触的活性有关的。Borgdorff and Choquet在Nature上报道了AMPA受体的神经元表面出乎意料的活性,它们在细胞膜上随意的游荡,当它们靠近突触形成的部位时则停下来。更有趣的是,这种AMPA受体侧向移动活性是被调控突触强度的信号所调节的。
以前就发现对突触后膜上的AMPA受体数目进行调控是进行突触可塑性改变的有效途径。改变的时程可以维持一段时间,因此可能与大脑的认知功能有关。因为受体本身太小,用显微镜都难以观测,所以AMPA受体在细胞膜上的行为也就成了非常难进行已经的问题。Borgdorff and Choquet设计了一种方法,将抗体用乳胶颗粒交联在受体上,这样就可以在培养神经元中用显微镜直接观察受体的活动了。
附: TAO WANG, M.D., Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Institute of Genetic Medicine
Research interests:
Molecular basis of X-linked mental retardation and human cognitive development.
Pathogenesis and therapy of inherited metabolic diseases with CNS involvement Main Interests:
Mental retardation is the most common cause of severe handicaps in children and young adults affecting 2-3% of general population. X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) occurs in 1 in 600 males and is genetically heterogeneous with 150-200 responsible loci on the X chromosome. Less than 40 XLMR genes were cloned until recently. Current research efforts in our laboratory focus on delineation of the molecular basis of XLMR using molecular biology and genomic approaches. Specifically, we have developed a strategy of using a human X chromosome-specific cDNA microarray to identify genes with mutations that result in a change in the abundance of mRNA due to mechanism such as promoter mutations, gene deletions or duplications, nonsense or frame-shift mutations associated with nonsense mediated mRNA decay. This method has the advantage of quantitative analysis of gene expression in multiple samples and is not limited by the requirement for large pedigrees. It would be particularly useful for the identification of primary genetic defects in rare, heterogeneous X-linked conditions, and modifier genes on the X chromosome that contribute to common diseases. A preliminary survey of lymphoblast cell lines from 32 XLMR probands using ths approach identified several candidate genes with significant reduction in the abundance of their mRNA. mRNA reduction in XLMR probands was independently confirmed by Northern blot and/or real time PCR. Molecular characterization of these candidate genes, functional studies using both in vitro and in vivo methods, and clinical studies of XLMR patients are being carried out.
Selected publications
Wang T, Lawler AM, Steel G, Milam AH, and Valle D (1995) Mice lacking ornithine-d-aminotransferase have paradoxical neonatal hypoornithinemia and retinal degeneration. Nature Genet 11:185.
Wang T, Milam AH, Steel G, and Valle D (1996) Mouse model of gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina: evidence for early retinal pigment epithelium damage and progressive retinal degeneration. J Clin Invest 97: 2753.
Wang T, Milam AH, Steel G, and Valle D (2000) Correction of ornithine accumulation prevents retinal degeneration in a mouse model of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:1224.
Wang T, Steel G and Valle D (2001) Oral lysine supplementation reduces plasma ornithine in a mouse model of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GA). Am J Hum Genet 69:201
Wang T, Zhang L, Obie C, Mousses S, Trent J, and Valle D (2002) Identification of genes responsible for X-linked mental retardation using a human X chromosome-specific cDNA microarray. Am J Hum Genet. (submitted).