施松海再发《Nature》封面 解密细胞关键功能

　　

生物通报道，纪念斯隆-卡特琳癌症中心发育生物学和哥伦比亚大学的研究者在细胞中心体的研究方面取得新进展，相关成果文章Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the neocortex发表在最新一期《Nature》上，并被列为封面文章。

 

文章的通讯作者是来自纪念斯隆-卡特琳癌症研究中心的Song-Hai Shi（施松海，生物通注），他早年毕业于清华大学（1996届毕业生）生命科学与生物技术专业，曾在冷泉港Dr Roberto Malinow的实验室从事脑神经元获取和存取信息的长效增强效应。2001年，27岁的施松海因在Science上发表记忆与学习的研究而获得由Amersham Biosciences &Science颁发的年轻科学家奖，获得25000美金。

 

施松海今年2月在Nature发表了一篇关于突触发育的文章Specific synapses develop prederentially among sister excitatory neurons in the neocortex，这是今年他在Nature发表的第二篇文章。（具体报道见：http://www.ebiotrade.com/newsf/2009-2/2009216171159.htm）

 

中心体是动物细胞中的一种关键细胞器，起主要微管组织中心的作用，在细胞分裂和细胞迁移过程中有重要作用。中心体具有内在不对称性，它们似乎是由细胞周期不同阶段形成的“母”中心粒和“子” 中心粒组成的。这种内在不对称性最近被发现是干细胞分裂中的一个重要因子。

 

施松海等人对小鼠胚胎新皮层所做的一项研究可解释发育中的哺乳动物新皮层中几乎全部神经发生活动（放射状胶质先祖细胞的非对称分裂）的过程是由中心粒的非对称遗传调控的。接受两个中心粒中较老一个的子细胞仍然留在大脑新皮层的脑室区，以补充先祖细胞数量，而接受新的、复制的中心粒的子细胞则迁移到皮层中，分化成一个神经细胞。

（生物通 小茜）

生物通推荐原文检索

Nature 461, 947-955 (15 October 2009) | doi:10.1038/nature08435; Received 30 June 2009; Accepted 18 August 2009

 

Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the neocortex

Xiaoqun Wang1, Jin-Wu Tsai2, Janice H. Imai1,3, Wei-Nan Lian2, Richard B. Vallee2 & Song-Hai Shi1,3

 

Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA

Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA

BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA

Correspondence to: Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S.-H.S. (Email: [e-mail]).

 

【Abstract】

Asymmetric divisions of radial glia progenitors produce self-renewing radial glia and differentiating cells simultaneously in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing neocortex. Whereas differentiating cells leave the VZ to constitute the future neocortex, renewing radial glia progenitors stay in the VZ for subsequent divisions. The differential behaviour of progenitors and their differentiating progeny is essential for neocortical development; however, the mechanisms that ensure these behavioural differences are unclear. Here we show that asymmetric centrosome inheritance regulates the differential behaviour of renewing progenitors and their differentiating progeny in the embryonic mouse neocortex. Centrosome duplication in dividing radial glia progenitors generates a pair of centrosomes with differently aged mother centrioles. During peak phases of neurogenesis, the centrosome retaining the old mother centriole stays in the VZ and is preferentially inherited by radial glia progenitors, whereas the centrosome containing the new mother centriole mostly leaves the VZ and is largely associated with differentiating cells. Removal of ninein, a mature centriole-specific protein, disrupts the asymmetric segregation and inheritance of the centrosome and causes premature depletion of progenitors from the VZ. These results indicate that preferential inheritance of the centrosome with the mature older mother centriole is required for maintaining radial glia progenitors in the developing mammalian neocortex.