Nature：HIV疫苗新思路 天然途径

　　

生物通报道，艾滋病疫苗研究已经历经25年，在这漫长的研究岁月中，艾滋病疫苗千呼万唤始不出来，可谓屡败屡战。不管如何，疫苗设计的希望总是存在，来自美国洛克菲勒大学的研究者在最新的《Nature》杂志在线版上（3月15）发表了一篇关于艾滋病疫苗研究的新见解，看看他们的研究再来论断艾滋病疫苗的未来吧！

 

领导该研究的是洛克菲勒大学附属医院分子免疫学系的Jeffrey V. Ravetch教授和Michel C. Nussenzweig教授。

 

据文章介绍，针对HIV病毒表面的保守抗原簇gp140产生的抗体具有能保护非人类的灵长类的特性，接受了gp140抗体的猩猩具有抵抗艾滋病感染的能力，并且研究发现感染了艾滋病的个体其血清中该抗体的滴度十分高。

 

然而，关于这个针对保守抗原簇的抗体作用机制的研究目前还很稀缺。研究小组从6名HIV感染者（低病毒载量患者）体内提取针对病毒囊膜蛋白的记忆性B细胞，克隆了502个抗体。

 

研究小组发现这些针对囊膜蛋白的抗体具有广泛的中和病毒的活性，很快研究人员将这些抗体用作研究疫苗。研究结果表明，用单一的抗体无法抵抗多变的艾滋病病毒。研究发现这些抗体对gp120环状结构部位，CD4结合位点等处有交叉的中和活性。这些研究结果表明，选用多种中和抗体组成联合型疫苗能有助制备抵抗多种变异株HIV的疫苗。

生物通推荐原文检索：Broad diversity of neutralizing antibodies isolated from memory B cells in HIV-infected individuals

【Abstract】

Antibodies to conserved epitopes on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surface protein gp140 can protect against infection in non-human primates, and some infected individuals show high titres of broadly neutralizing immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies in their serum. However, little is known about the specificity and activity of these antibodies1, 2, 3. To characterize the memory antibody responses to HIV, we cloned 502 antibodies from HIV envelope-binding memory B cells from six HIV-infected patients with broadly neutralizing antibodies and low to intermediate viral loads. We show that in these patients, the B-cell memory response to gp140 is composed of up to 50 independent clones expressing high affinity neutralizing antibodies to the gp120 variable loops, the CD4-binding site, the co-receptor-binding site, and to a new neutralizing epitope that is in the same region of gp120 as the CD4-binding site. Thus, the IgG memory B-cell compartment in the selected group of patients with broad serum neutralizing activity to HIV is comprised of multiple clonal responses with neutralizing activity directed against several epitopes on gp120.