疫苗创新:预防与治疗一体化

【字体: 时间:2009年07月08日 来源:生物通

编辑推荐:

  生物通报道,每年卫生部的通报中狂犬病致死比例都居前三甲,被列为甲类传染病。目前,狂犬病主要通过疫苗来预防控制,近期最新一期的PNAS刊登了一项狂犬病疫苗的新技术,该疫苗集预防与治疗一身。

  

生物通报道,每年卫生部的通报中狂犬病致死比例都居前三甲,被列为甲类传染病。目前,狂犬病主要通过疫苗来预防控制,近期最新一期的PNAS刊登了一项狂犬病疫苗的新技术,该疫苗集预防与治疗一身。

 

文章由来自托马斯杰斐逊大学生物学和免疫学系的研究者发表在PNAS上,Effective pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies with a highly attenuated recombinant rabies virus

 

传统的狂犬病疫苗需重复接种(3次),保护效率并不高。Bernhard Dietzschold等人研究的新型已经可终结这一情况,一针就能达到预防和治疗目的。

 

Bernhard Dietzschold等人主要采用遗传学技术制备狂犬病DNA疫苗,这种减毒活疫苗可以保护接种者不受狂犬病病毒感染,并且可以在感染后清除患者脑中的病毒。这种称为SPBAANGAS-GAS-GAS的疫苗也能保护成年和免疫缺损的小鼠接触高毒力狂犬病毒株而不被感染。

 

新疫苗注射一次就可以清除小鼠大脑中已经出现的狂犬病感染。Bernhard Dietzschold说,这种疫苗代表了一种预防、治疗、或许还能根除狂犬病的有希望的候选疫苗。

(生物通 小茜)

生物通推荐原文摘要:

Effective pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies with a highly attenuated recombinant rabies virus

Milosz Fabera, Jianwei Lia, Rhonda B. Keanb, D. Craig Hooperb, Kishore R. Alugupallia and Bernhard Dietzscholda,1

Abstract

Rabies remains an important public health problem with more than 95% of all human rabies cases caused by exposure to rabid dogs in areas where effective, inexpensive vaccines are unavailable. Because of their ability to induce strong innate and adaptive immune responses capable of clearing the infection from the CNS after a single immunization, live-attenuated rabies virus (RV) vaccines could be particularly useful not only for the global eradication of canine rabies but also for late-stage rabies postexposure prophylaxis of humans. To overcome concerns regarding the safety of live-attenuated RV vaccines, we developed the highly attenuated triple RV G variant, SPBAANGAS-GAS-GAS. In contrast to most attenuated recombinant RVs generated thus far, SPBAANGAS-GAS-GAS is completely nonpathogenic after intracranial infection of mice that are either developmentally immunocompromised (e.g., 5-day-old mice) or have inherited deficits in immune function (e.g., antibody production or type I IFN signaling), as well as normal adult animals. In addition, SPBAANGAS-GAS-GAS induces immune mechanisms capable of containing a CNS infection with pathogenic RV, thereby preventing lethal rabies encephalopathy. The lack of pathogenicity together with excellent immunogenicity and the capacity to deliver immune effectors to CNS tissues makes SPBAANGAS-GAS-GAS a promising vaccine candidate for both the preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis of rabies.

 

 

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