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旧药新用:一种常用抗炎药成功治疗淀粉样变病
【字体: 大 中 小 】 时间:2013年12月26日 来源:生物通
编辑推荐:
在12月25日的JAMA(Journal of the American Medical Association)杂志上发表的一项研究表明,一种广泛使用的非类固醇抗炎药二氟尼柳(Diflunisal),能够成功降低家族性转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变患者的神经退化和保持他们的生活质量。
生物通报道:家族性淀粉样多神经病,是由变异的转甲状腺素蛋白(variant transthyretin,VTTR)的聚集引起的一种致命性遗传病,能够诱导渐进的周围神经缺损和功能障碍。二氟尼柳(Diflunisal)是一种非类固醇的抗炎药,在体外能够稳固转甲状腺素蛋白四聚体和阻止淀粉样蛋白原纤维形成。
由波士顿大学医学院(BUSM)淀粉样变疾病中心和波士顿医疗中心(BMC)的研究人员进行的一项研究表明,抗炎的学名药二氟尼柳,成功地降低了家族性转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变(ATTR)患者的神经退化和保持他们的生活质量。二氟尼柳是一种廉价和安全的药物,这种药物在过去40年中销售用于治疗关节炎和疼痛。
这项研究成果,发表在12月25日的JAMA(Journal of the American Medical Association,美国医学协会杂志)杂志上,是成功再利用一种学名药来治疗罕见疾病的第一个例子。美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)已经提议,将这项研究策略作为提高罕见疾病(例如淀粉样变疾病)治疗有效性的方法。
BUSM的医学副教授、淀粉样变疾病中心的临床主任John Berk博士设计了这项试验,他带领了这个国际研究团队,同时也是本论文的通讯作者。斯克里普斯研究所的生物化学家Jeffrey Kelly博士和罗彻斯特梅奥诊所的神经专家Peter Dyck博士,在这项研究中也起了重要作用。
家族性淀粉样变疾病是一种罕见的遗传性疾病,在这种疾病中,产生突变的转甲状腺素蛋白在血液中聚集,形成不溶的原纤维,从而引起组织损伤。患有遗传性ATTR淀粉样变病的患者,出现衰弱的外围和自主神经损伤、心脏病和体重减轻。如果不经治疗,患者会在发病后10到15年死亡。由瑞典、意大利、日本、英国和美国的研究人员组成的研究团队,在2006年到2010年间,登记了130名患者。这些患者在两年时间内,随机接受二氟尼柳或安慰剂的治疗。
研究人员发现,与安慰剂治疗相比,二氟尼柳能够明显抑制神经系统疾病的进程而保持生活质量。二氟尼柳为医生们所熟知,通用类二氟尼柳非常廉价和比较容易得到。
到目前为止,还没有其他的药物,能够在治疗这种罕见疾病中获得这种良好的疗效。
Berk称:“我们的研究结果表明,二氟尼柳代表了肝脏移植的一种替代物,肝脏移植是这种破坏性疾病目前的标准疗法。我们希望这项研究,能够促使我们发现其它广泛使用的学名药,用来治疗罕见疾病。”
美国国家神经疾病和中风研究所的项目主任Robin Conwit博士说:“我们对这项研究结果感到高兴和乐观,我们对通过学名药再利用为罕见的和更多普遍的疾病带来疗法感到鼓舞。”(生物通:王英)
生物通推荐原文摘要:
Repurposing Diflunisal for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Abstract:
Importance Familial amyloid polyneuropathy, a lethal genetic disease caused by aggregation of variant transthyretin, induces progressive peripheral nerve deficits and disability. Diflunisal, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, stabilizes transthyretin tetramers and prevents amyloid fibril formation in vitro.
Objective To determine the effect of diflunisal on polyneuropathy progression in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
Design, Setting, and Participants International randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted among 130 patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy exhibiting clinically detectable peripheral or autonomic neuropathy at amyloid centers in Sweden (Umeå), Italy (Pavia), Japan (Matsumoto and Kumamoto), England (London), and the United States (Boston, Massachusetts; New York, New York; and Rochester, Minnesota) from 2006 through 2012.
Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to receive diflunisal, 250 mg (n=64), or placebo (n=66) twice daily for 2 years.
Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point, the difference in polyneuropathy progression between treatments, was measured by the Neuropathy Impairment Score plus 7 nerve tests (NIS+7) which ranges from 0 (no neurological deficits) to 270 points (no detectable peripheral nerve function). Secondary outcomes included a quality-of-life questionnaire (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]) and modified body mass index. Because of attrition, we used likelihood-based modeling and multiple imputation analysis of baseline to 2-year data.
Results By multiple imputation, the NIS+7 score increased by 25.0 (95% CI, 18.4-31.6) points in the placebo group and by 8.7 (95% CI, 3.3-14.1) points in the diflunisal group, a difference of 16.3 points (95% CI, 8.1-24.5 points; P < .001). Mean SF-36 physical scores decreased by 4.9 (95% CI, −7.6 to −2.2) points in the placebo group and increased by 1.5 (95% CI, −0.8 to 3.7) points in the diflunisal group (P < .001). Mean SF-36 mental scores declined by 1.1 (95% CI, −4.3 to 2.0) points in the placebo group while increasing by 3.7 (95% CI, 1.0-6.4) points in the diflunisal group (P = .02). By responder analysis, 29.7% of the diflunisal group and 9.4% of the placebo group exhibited neurological stability at 2 years (<2-point increase in NIS+7 score; P = .007).
Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy, the use of diflunisal compared with placebo for 2 years reduced the rate of progression of neurological impairment and preserved quality of life. Although longer-term follow-up studies are needed, these findings suggest benefit of this treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy.