
-
生物通官微
陪你抓住生命科技
跳动的脉搏
《PLOS Genetics》:追踪HIV在北美的进化轨迹
【字体: 大 中 小 】 时间:2014年04月29日 来源:生物通
编辑推荐:
包括西蒙佛雷泽大学(SFU)研究人员在内的一项研究,追踪了HIV在北美的进化轨迹,他们发现证据表明,病毒随着时间的推移慢慢地适应其人类宿主。然而,这种变化是如此循序渐进,因此不可能对疫苗设计产生影响。这项研究发表在2014年4月24日的《PLOS Genetics》杂志。
生物通报道:包括西蒙佛雷泽大学(SFU)研究人员在内的一项研究,追踪了HIV在北美的进化轨迹,他们发现证据表明,病毒随着时间的推移慢慢地适应其人类宿主。然而,这种变化是如此循序渐进,因此不可能对疫苗设计产生影响。
本研究第一作者、SFU健康科学学院助理教授Zabrina Brumme称:“许多研究都集中在HIV如何适应抗病毒药物,我们想了解的是,随着时间推移HIV如何适应我们人类宿主。”
这项研究发表在2014年4月24日的《PLOS Genetics》杂志,是由Brumme实验室与哥伦比亚大学HIV卓越中心的科学家合作带领,还包括哈佛大学、纽约血液中心和旧金山公共卫生部等机构。
Brumme称:“HIV以可再生的方式来适应免疫反应。理论上说,如果这种突变会在群体中传播,这对于宿主免疫力和疫苗来说,可能个坏消息。就像传播耐药性可以损害治疗成功一样,传播的免疫逃避突变也可以影响我们抗击HIV的自然能力。”
研究人员描述了从1979年(北美艾滋病开始流行)开始到现在的患者HIV序列。研究小组重建了传染病的祖先HIV序列,并从那里评估了免疫逃避突变在人群中的传播。
Brumme指出:“总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,病毒在北美适应的很慢。在世界HIV重灾区,适应率可能会更高。”
Brumme补充道,本研究以一个充满希望的消息结束,他说:“我们已经有工具,以治疗的形式来遏制HIV,我们将继续朝疫苗和治愈前进。总之,我们可以在病毒通过群体水平适应性对宿主免疫力破坏之前,阻止HIV。”
众多SFU研究人员参与了这项分析,需要从历史标本细致地恢复病毒RNA,然后进行实验室培养。从血浆或血清中提取HIV RNA,然后利用测序特异性引物和扩增子进行巢式RT-PCR,在3130xl和/或3730xl自动测序仪上进行测序。三个SFU毕业生,包括健康科学专业的Laura Cotton,是本研究的共同第一作者。
Cotton指出:“这是一项艰苦的工作,但是,了解到它们对我们大陆的HIV历史具有重要的作用,在实验室中研究这些菌株就非常的吸引人。”众多的本科生、研究生、博士后和教授包括客座教授Art Poon和副教授Mark Brockman也是共同作者。本研究,由加拿大卫生研究院(CIHR)和迈克尔史密斯卫生研究基金会(MSFHR)资助。(生物通:王英)
延伸阅读:《科学转化医学》:以前的HIV疫苗试验揭示新的成功之路。
生物通推荐原文摘要:
Genotypic and Functional Impact of HIV-1 Adaptation to Its Host Population during the North American Epidemic
Abstract: HLA-restricted immune escape mutations that persist following HIV transmission could gradually spread through the viral population, thereby compromising host antiviral immunity as the epidemic progresses. To assess the extent and phenotypic impact of this phenomenon in an immunogenetically diverse population, we genotypically and functionally compared linked HLA and HIV (Gag/Nef) sequences from 358 historic (1979–1989) and 382 modern (2000–2011) specimens from four key cities in the North American epidemic (New York, Boston, San Francisco, Vancouver). Inferred HIV phylogenies were star-like, with approximately two-fold greater mean pairwise distances in modern versus historic sequences. The reconstructed epidemic ancestral (founder) HIV sequence was essentially identical to the North American subtype B consensus. Consistent with gradual diversification of a “consensus-like” founder virus, the median “background” frequencies of individual HLA-associated polymorphisms in HIV (in individuals lacking the restricting HLA[s]) were ~2-fold higher in modern versus historic HIV sequences, though these remained notably low overall (e.g. in Gag, medians were 3.7% in the 2000s versus 2.0% in the 1980s). HIV polymorphisms exhibiting the greatest relative spread were those restricted by protective HLAs. Despite these increases, when HIV sequences were analyzed as a whole, their total average burden of polymorphisms that were “pre-adapted” to the average host HLA profile was only ~2% greater in modern versus historic eras. Furthermore, HLA-associated polymorphisms identified in historic HIV sequences were consistent with those detectable today, with none identified that could explain the few HIV codons where the inferred epidemic ancestor differed from the modern consensus. Results are therefore consistent with slow HIV adaptation to HLA, but at a rate unlikely to yield imminent negative implications for cellular immunity, at least in North America. Intriguingly, temporal changes in protein activity of patient-derived Nef (though not Gag) sequences were observed, suggesting functional implications of population-level HIV evolution on certain viral proteins.