首席科学家权威杂志发领先成果 推翻原有定论引国际关注

　　

生物通报道，中国疾病控制中心、四川疾病控制中心的科学家对今年6月四川某旅行团甲型H1N1爆发情况研究获得全新流感传播途径结论，相关成果文章Lack of Airborne Transmission during Outbreak of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Tour Group Members, China, June 2009发表在权威流行病学杂志《Emerging Infectious Diseases》上。

 

文章通讯作者是中国疾病控制中心（CDC）首席流行病学专家曾光教授。

 

一直以来，空气传播被认为是流感传播的主要途径，而曾光等人的这项新的研究发现却证实，新流感H1N1主要依赖飞沫传播，空气传播对新流感病毒H1N1的传播不构成威胁。

 

在这项研究中，曾光等人发现，与阳性患者共乘一架飞机的团员感染新流感H1N1的机会并不高，主要感染者都是与阳性患者有近距离交谈的人群，尤其是交谈时间大于10分钟的人群患病几率尤其的高，比交谈时间低于10分钟者高许多。

 

不仅如此，替患者拍照、同桌就餐的行为并不会导致感染。交谈过程中，近距离接触患者的飞沫是最有效的传播途径。这项研究自发布后受到国际广泛的关注。

 

因此，人们不要有甲型流感恐惧症，去进行无谓的空气消毒，而是要建立从容应对甲型H1N1流感的信心，建立以个人防护行为为主的保护屏障——勤洗手，必要时戴普通口罩，说话时与他人保持安全距离。不对人打喷嚏，打喷嚏来不及遮掩可用袖子挡住。

（生物通 小茜）

生物通推荐原文阅读

DOI: 10.3201/eid1510.091013

Suggested citation for this article: Han K, Zhu X, He F, Liu L, Zhang L, Ma H, et al.

Lack of Airborne Transmission during Outbreak of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Tour Group Members, China, June 2009

Ke Han,1 Xiaoping Zhu,1Fan He,1 Lunguang Liu, Lijie Zhang, Huilai Ma, Xinyu Tang, Ting Huang, Guang Zeng, and Bao-Ping Zhu

 

Author affiliations: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China (K. Han, F. He, L. Zhang, H. Ma, G. Zeng, B.-P. Zhu); Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China (K. Han); Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China (F. He); and Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China (X. Zhu, L. Liu, X. Tang, T. Huang)

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

 

During June 2–8, 2009, an outbreak of influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 occurred among 30 members of a tour group in China. To identify the mode of transmission and risk factors, we conducted a retrospective cohort investigation. The index case-patient was a female tourist from the United States. Secondary cases developed in 9 (30%) tour group members who had talked with the index case-patient and in 1 airline passenger (not a tour group member) who had sat within 2 rows of her. None of the 14 tour group members who had not talked with the index case-patient became ill. This outbreak was apparently caused by droplet transmission during coughing or talking. That airborne transmission was not a factor is supported by lack of secondary cases among fellow bus and air travelers. Our findings highlight the need to prevent transmission by droplets and fomites during a pandemic.  

 

空气传播与飞沫传播定义

空气传染

　　有些病原体在空气中可以自由散布，直径通常为5微米，能够长时间浮游于空气中，做长距离的移动，主要藉由呼吸系统感染，有时亦与飞沫传染混称。

飞沫传染

　　飞沫传染是许多感染原的主要传播途径，藉由患者咳嗽、打喷嚏、说话时，喷出温暖而潮湿之液滴，病原附着其上，随空气扰动飘散短时间、短距离地在风中漂浮，由下一位宿主因呼吸、张口或偶然碰触到眼睛表面时黏附，造成新的宿主受到感染。例如：细菌性脑膜炎、水痘、普通感冒、流行性感冒、腮腺炎、结核、麻疹、德国麻疹、百日咳等等。由于飞沫质、量均小，难以承载较重之病原，因此寄生虫感染几乎不由此途径传染其它个体。