综述：Impact of active vs. passive application of dental adhesives on bond strength to dentin and enamel: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies

这篇综述通过系统评价和荟萃分析揭示了主动与被动应用粘接剂对牙本质和釉质粘接强度的影响。研究发现，主动应用可提升自酸蚀和通用粘接剂在釉质和牙本质上的粘接强度，但在全酸蚀模式下对釉质的粘接效果存在争议。研究强调了根据粘接剂类型和基质选择适当应用技术的重要性。

　　

The application method of dental adhesives significantly influences bond strength outcomes. Active application enhances bonding efficacy for self-etching and universal adhesives on both enamel and dentin, particularly in two-step etch-and-rinse modes. However, its efficacy diminishes when phosphoric acid is used on enamel or with dual-cure/self-cured adhesives. The study underscores the necessity of tailoring adhesive application techniques to substrate characteristics and adhesive formulations to optimize restorative outcomes. Key findings include: (1) Active application improves bond strength for universal adhesives in etch-and-rinse mode on dentin but reduces enamel bond strength due to enamel prism collapse; (2) In self-etching mode, active application uniformly enhances bond strength across enamel and dentin substrates, with universal adhesives showing consistent performance even after aging; (3) Manufacturer guidelines often lack clarity on optimal application methods, necessitating further standardization. These insights highlight the critical role of adhesive application dynamics in achieving durable dental restorations.