近原始状态下亚北极大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)河流中微弱的精细尺度遗传结构与显著的生活史多样性研究

本研究针对北欧N??t?m?河流域近原始环境中的大西洋鲑种群，通过60K SNP芯片分析8个采样点的283尾幼鱼样本，结合48年2.2万尾鱼鳞档案数据，揭示了该种群存在微弱遗传分化(FST 0.001-0.035)但高基因流特征，发现180 SNP面板的种群溯源准确率达82-85%，并鉴定出59种独特生活史策略。该研究为跨境管理的濒危鲑鱼种群提供了遗传多样性保护与生活史维持的科学依据。

　　

在气候变化和人类活动双重压力下，全球大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)种群近两个世纪已锐减近6%。位于欧洲极北的N??t?m?河作为罕见的近原始河流生态系统，其鲑鱼种群虽具有重要社会经济价值，但近年监测显示种群数量已腰斩。这一现象引发科学界对亚北极鲑鱼种群适应性机制的深入思考——在缺乏明显人为干扰的系统中，种群维持的遗传基础和生活史策略究竟呈现何种特征？这正是Maria I. Cádiz团队在《Conservation Genetics》发表的最新研究要解决的核心问题。

研究团队采用多学科交叉方法：基于60K SNP芯片对8个地理位点的幼鱼进行基因分型，评估群体遗传结构；测试180 SNP预设计面板的种群溯源效能；结合48年鱼鳞微结构数据解析生活史策略。样本队列来自芬兰-挪威边境的N??t?m?河主支流及 tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary tributary 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