人猫互动中的行为解读：评估培训视频对人类识别猫咪玩耍情绪与行为的影响

本综述通过一项随机对照试验（RCT），评估了教育性培训视频对人类识别猫咪在玩耍互动中情绪效价（积极/消极）能力的影响。研究采用创新性分层汇总受试者操作特征（HSROC）模型分析发现，参与者对明显（overt）行为识别准确，但对微妙（subtle）消极线索识别接近随机水平；培训虽小幅提升整体表现，却意外降低了微妙消极行为的识别率。结果强调需开发更全面培训策略，以提升对猫早期压力信号识别及人猫互动安全。

　　

引言

人类与猫共享悠久且日益紧密的伴生历史，猫在家庭中被视为亲密伙伴与家庭成员，这一观念转变伴随着室内养猫趋势的增长以及宠物产业的商业化发展。然而，这种关系常伴随过度拟人化（anthropomorphised），将猫视为“伪婴儿”或“密友”，虽可能提升共情与福利关注，但也易导致对猫行为的不切实际期望。猫的驯化过程并未完全结束，仍保留大量野生本能与行为需求，其互动、触摸及沟通方式与人类存在本质差异。

对猫行为与需求的误解关联着多种负面福利结局，如必需品供给不足、缺乏环境丰容、使用惩罚及强制互动。在玩耍等互动情境中，这种期望与现实的错位尤为突出——社交玩耍本是高度协作行为，需双方准确解读信号，但误解易导致压力延长及人类受伤。拟人化视角常使守护者错误解读猫行为，如将玩耍中的攻击行为归因于猫“恶意”或“报复”，而非不适或终止互动的表达。

人猫沟通失误可能造成人类伤害及猫 distress（痛苦）。猫咬伤占感染性哺乳动物咬伤的3/4，可导致严重健康后果如坏死、深部脓肿、骨髓炎、败血症、脑膜炎等，猫抓伤亦可传播狂犬病、猫抓病（bartonellosis）——后者与慢性淋巴结病及精神疾病如抑郁、精神分裂症相关。此外，猫相关伤害带来显著经济负担。

对猫而言，非自愿互动引发 prolonged stress（长期压力），可能导致猫特发性膀胱炎（feline idiopathic cystitis）及攻击行为增加等问题，影响人猫纽带，提升弃养及安乐死风险。玩耍互动中的风险缓解尤为关键：守护者常因担心受伤而避免玩耍，多数猫致伤来自自家猫，且玩耍相关及抚摸相关攻击是猫对人攻击主因。因此，守护者教育对最小化人伤猫痛至关重要。

既往研究通过照片、视频（面部或全身）、叫声及多模态媒体考察人类对猫沟通的识别，两项研究测试了教育干预效果——Graham等（2024）发现5分钟在线视频可提升识别小猫恐惧能力；Haywood等（2021）则通过“CAT”（选择与控制、注意猫信号、限制触摸）指南改善庇护所猫互动选择。然而，尚无研究专注于人类对玩耍中猫信号识别或负向状态下的互动选择。本研究旨在利用人猫“玩耍”互动视频：1）探究与参与者分类猫整体效价（积极/消极）能力相关的因素；2）评估聚焦猫玩耍信号的培训视频对分类表现的影响；3）描述基于猫效价的参与者互动选择；4）探究参与者对猫情绪的感知。

方法

伦理声明：研究获阿德莱德大学人类研究伦理委员会批准（H-2025-072）。

参与者招募：通过社交媒体从实验室页面 snowballing 招募，纳入标准为18岁以上、澳大利亚现居民、有网络接入。参与自愿，匿名链接不收集标识信息。

专家小组参考分类：从YouTube purposive sampling 获取创用CC许可视频（<15秒），由5位猫行为专家（包括行为兽医及研究人员）作为参考标准，将25个视频按猫行为分类为积极或消极效价。共识度≥80%的视频用于公众调查，最终16个视频入选（15个100%共识，1个80%）。专家还通过自由文本列出视频中猫情绪、行为指标及互动建议，用于公调设计。

视频细分：16个视频由研究团队进一步分为明显（overt）与微妙（subtle）视频。明显视频含即时可见、明确行为（如 spit 吐口水、piloerection 立毛、pre-pounce wiggle 扑前扭动）、显著动作（如 pouncing 猛扑）或清晰可辨叫声（如 growling 低吼、hissing 嘶嘶、play trill 玩耍颤音）。微妙视频含需密切观察的小幅动作（如 whisker movements 胡须动）、逐渐或轻微体姿/张力变化（如 stiffening 僵硬）及安静、模糊或缺如叫声。

参与者分类与调查结构：在线调查通过Qualtrics?执行，参与者随机分入3个视频块（各10视频），每块含2微妙（正负各1）及3明显（正负各1.5）视频。基线评估含4视频（各效价与微妙性各1），处理后评估含6视频（微妙正负各1，明显正负各2）。所有块共享相同微妙视频，部分明显视频跨块出现。

基线数据收集：初始同意与人口学问题后，参与者自评理解猫体语信心（0-100），观看4视频并分类互动为“整体积极”、“整体消极”或“不确定”。为考察互动选择，参与者从9选项中选择可能与猫进行的互动（如抚摸、抱起、揉腹、徒手玩耍、用玩具玩耍、 disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting disciplining/correcting 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