二阶学习与城市创新：在正能量区域为反思留出空间

《Urban Transformations》：Second-order learning and urban innovation: making space for reflection in positive energy districts

　　

摘要

能源系统需要 undergo根本性的转型才能实现气候缓解和适应目标。由于能源需求量大，以及具备更高效地生产、分配和使用能源的机会，城市成为能源转型的重点目标。在欧洲，积极的能源区域（Positive Energy Districts，简称PEDs）体现了推动城市能源系统转型的雄心勃勃的社会技术愿景。这些区域通过创建节能且能源灵活的区域来实现能源的自给自足（即产生的能源超过消耗的能源）。然而，PEDs仍处于发展阶段，不同利益相关者对其概念的理解以及实际实施方式存在显著差异。迄今为止，研究人员和实践者主要关注PEDs发展的技术和经济方面，而对能源系统变化所带来的非预期社会和生态副作用关注较少。在本文中，我们提出了一种框架，通过引入“第二阶学习”（Second-Order Learning，简称SOL）进程来支持PEDs的负责任创新，从而在发展过程中培养反思性。基于建设性技术评估中的“反思时刻”（moments of reflection）概念，我们在奥地利、比利时和瑞典的五个PEDs项目中开发并测试了“第二阶学习对话”（SOL conversations）方法。本文总结了该方法的应用成果，并探讨了其在当前和未来PEDs中促进负责任创新的潜力。最后，我们强调了将反思性实践融入城市创新过程（如PEDs开发）的重要性。

能源系统需要 undergo fundamental transformations to achieve climate mitigation and adaptation goals. Cities are particularly targeted for energy transformation due to high energy demands and the opportunities to generate, distribute, and use energy more efficiently. In Europe, Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) represent an ambitious socio-technical approach to transform urban energy systems. These areas aim to create energy-efficient and flexible energy systems that produce more energy than they consume. However, PEDs are still in their initial stages, with varying interpretations and implementations among stakeholders. Researchers and practitioners have largely focused on the technical and economic aspects ofPEDs development, neglecting the potential unintended social and ecological impacts. In this article, we present a framework that utilizes Second-Order Learning (SOL) processes to foster reflexivity in PEDs development. Building on the concept of “reflection moments” from constructive technology assessment, we developed and evaluated the “Second-Order Learning Conversations” (SOL Conversations) method in five PEDs in Austria, Belgium, and Sweden. We summarize the outcomes of this method and explore its potential for enhancing responsible innovation in current and future PEDs. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of incorporating reflective practices into urban innovation processes such as PEDs development.