水作为双功能调节剂：从缺陷钝化到能量转移控制——面向色彩可调无铅钙钛矿白光LED

《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》：Water as a dual-function modulator: From defect passivation to energy-transfer control for color-tunable lead-free perovskite white LEDs

　　**Summary of the article**This work investigates *controlled surface hydration* as a strategy for tuning zero-dimensional perovskite Cs?CeCl? (NCs) and Cs?CeCl?:Sb3? NCs.**Key findings**- **Defect passivation:** Adsorption of trace H?O effectively passivates surface defects (halide vacancies), raising the PLQY of Cs?CeCl? NCs from **75% to 98%**.- **Bandgap widening:** The optical bandgap widens from **3.7 to 4.0 eV**.- **Crystal-field effect:** Water induces a local crystal-field perturbation around Ce3?, splitting and **blue-shifting** the Ce3? 5d emission from **372 to 348 nm**.- **Energy transfer:** The blue shift suppresses Ce3? → Sb3? F?rster energy transfer in Sb3?-doped NCs.- **Emission tuning:** By controlling adsorbed water, the relative Ce3? and Sb3? emission contributions can be continuously adjusted — **reversible** tuning from yellow-green to white in a single-component system.- **Device performance** (per the highlights): white LED with **CCT 4400–5600 K**, **CRI >95%**, and high operational stability.**Significance**The results show that trace water acts as both a surface-defect passivator *and* a functional modulator of energy-transfer behavior — not merely as a lattice-disrupting contaminant, as assumed for thin films. This provides a route to efficient, color-tunable, **lead-free** metal-halide luminescent materials.---**Note on the excerpt:** The text you provided is truncated at several points — the *Results and discussion* section cuts off mid-sentence ("...was"), and only two "Section snippets" are present. The Conclusions also end mid-sentence ("...tuning from"). Characterizations such as the CCT/CRI figures and the blue/violet emission at 372→348 nm appear in the highlights and conclusions but the supporting data (XRD, emission spectra, PLQY measurements, XAS) are not included in what was pasted. Let me know what specifically you'd like done — e.g., a structured literature-review table, comparison with other lead-free perovskites, explanation of the Ce3?→Sb3? transfer mechanism, or a critique of the claims — and I'll go deeper.